题名

關廠失業對個人薪資與健康的影響

并列篇名

THE EFFECTS OF JOB DISPLACEMENT ON WAGE AND HEALTH

作者

鄒孟文(Meng-Wen Tson)；何沛娟(Pei-Chuan Ho)；劉錦添(Jin-Tan Liu)

关键词

失業 ； 關廠 ； 薪資 ； 健康 ； 住院 ； Job displacement ； Plant closure ； Wage ； Health ； Hospitalization

期刊名称

經濟論文

卷期/出版年月

44卷2期（2016 / 06 / 01）

页次

127 - 169

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

本文以台灣2000年因關廠而失業者為實驗組，科用其未失業的手足為控制組，採用「差異中的差異」(difference-in-differences) 結合家庭固定效果(family fixed effect)的方法來探討失業對再就業薪資與健康的影響。本文主要的貢獻在於採用失業者及其手足的樣本來控制個人先天稟賦(基因)與後天環境(家庭、成長背景)因素，可減輕失業對薪資或健康估計時潛在的內生性問題。實證結果發現，失業的男性勞工在失業後1 -2年內的平均薪資比起未失業的兄弟明顯低了5%，這種薪資上的壓抑效果在失業後的2-5年內，仍持續存在;相反地，女性勞工若失業後立即找到工作，則對其再就業的薪資無太大的影響。整體而言，失業對薪資的負面衝擊以男性受害較深，而擁有大學以上教育程度辦有助於減緩此一衝擊。本文並無發現失業會顯著提高住院機率，但因住院像一稀少事件，非一良好的健康代理變數，未來尚待取得更好的健康指標，來全面性地驗證失業對個人健康的影響。
英文摘要

Based on a sample of displaced workers and their non-displaced siblings from Taiwan, we use difference-in-differences with family fixed effect approach to examine the impacts of job loss on wages and health. The main contribution of this study is to use non-displaced siblings of displaced workers as a control group, which enables us to control for the unobserved genetic and family background characteristics and thereby mitigate the endogeneity problem of displacement. The monthly wage of displaced male workers reduces 5% within 1-2 years after plant closure, compared with that of their non-displaced brothers, and the effect is persistent within 2-5 years after displacement. In contrast, no significant wage loss is found for displaced female workers who were reemployed immediately after plant closure. Overall, the effect of wage reduction is more pronounced for men and lower-educated workers. We do not find evidence that job loss increases the probability of hospitalization. As hospitalization may not be an appropriate proxy for health, the availability of good measures of health status is needed for future research.
主题分类 社會科學 > 經濟學
参考文献
  1. 陳妍蒨、劉錦添、王齡懋(2015)。失業對離婚的影響。經濟論文叢刊，43，1-34。
    連結：
  2. Almond, D.,Edlund, L.,Palme, M.(2009).Chernobyl's Subclinical Legacy: Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout and School Outcomes in Sweden.Quarterly Journal of Economics,124,1729-1772.
  3. Ashenfelter, O.(1978).Estimating the Effects of Training Programs on Earnings.Review of Economics and Statistics,60,47-57.
  4. Berniell, L.,de la Mata, D.,Valdes, N.(2013).Spillovers of Health Education at School on Parents' Physical Activity.Health Economics,2,1004-1020.
  5. Bertrand, M.,Duflo, E.,Mullainathan, S.(2004).How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?.Quarterly Journal of Economics,119,249-275.
  6. Betcherman, G.,Daysal, N. M.,Pagés, C.(2010).Do Employment Subsidies Work? Evidence from Regionally Targeted Subsidies in Turkey.Labour Economics,17,710-722.
  7. Black, S. E.,Butikofer, A.,Devereux, P. J.,Salvanes, K. G.(2013).NBER Working PaperNBER Working Paper,未出版
  8. Black, S. E.,Devereux, P. J.,Salvanes, K. G.(2012).NBER Working PaperNBER Working Paper,未出版
  9. Bono, E. D.,Weber, A.,Winter-Ebmer, R.(2012).Clash of Career and Family: Fertility Decisions after Job Displacement.Journal of the European Economic Association,10,659-683.
  10. Bratberg, E.,Monstad, K.(2015).Worried Sick? Worker Responses to a Financial Shock.Labour Economics,33,111-120.
  11. Browning, M.,Dano, A. M.,Heinesen, E.(2006).Job Displacement and Stress-Related Health Outcomes.Health Economics,15,1061-1075.
  12. Browning, M.,Heinesen, E.(2012).The Effect of Job Loss due to Plant Closure on Mortality and Hospitalization.Journal of Health Economics,31,599-616.
  13. Burgard, S. A.,Brand, J. E.,House, J. S.(2007).Toward a Better Estimation of the Effect of Job Loss on Health.Journal of Health and Social Behavior,48,369-384.
  14. Contoyannis, P.,Jones, A. M.,Rice, N.(2004).The Dynamics of Health in the British Household Panel Study.Journal of Applied Econometrics,19,473-503.
  15. Couch, K. A.,Jolly, N. A.,Placzek, Dana W.(2011).Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers and the Business Cycle: An Analysis with Administrative Data.Economics Letters,111,16-19.
  16. Couch, K. A.,Placzek, D. W.(2010).Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers Revisited.American Economic Review,100,572-589.
  17. Currie, J.,Neidell, M.,Schmieder, J. F.(2009).Air Pollution and Infant Health: Lessons from New Jersey.Journal of Health Economics,28,688-703.
  18. Currie, J.,Rossin-Slater, M.(2013).Weathering the Storm: Hurricanes and Birth Outcomes.Journal of Health Economics,32,487-503.
  19. Currie, J.,Stabile, M.(2006).Child Mental Health and Human Capital Accumulation: The Case of ADHD.Journal of Health Economics,25,1094-1118.
  20. Eliason, M.(2012).Lost Jobs, Broken Marriages.Journal of Population Economics,25,1365-1397.
  21. Eliason, M.(2014).Alcohol-Related Morbidity and Mortality Following Involuntary Job Loss: Evidence from Swedish Register Data.Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs,75,35-46.
  22. Eliason, M.,Storrie, D.(2006).Lasting or Latent Scars? Swedish Evidence on the Long-Term Effects of Job Displacement.Journal of Labor Economics,24,831-856.
  23. Eliason, M.,Storrie, D.(2009).Does Job Loss Shorten Life.Journal of Human Resources,44,277-302.
  24. Eliason, M.,Storrie, D.(2010).Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization Following Involuntary Job Loss.International Journal of Mental Health,39,32-55.
  25. Eliason, M.,Storrie, D.(2009).Job Loss Is Bad for Your Health-Swedish Evidence on Cause-Specific Hospitalization Following Involuntary Job Loss.Social Science & Medicine,68,1396-1406.
  26. Farber, H. S.(1993).The Incidence and Costs of Job Loss: 1982-1991.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics,1993,73-119.
  27. Farber, H. S.(2005).What Do We Know About Job Loss in the U.S.? Evidence from the Displaced Workers Survey, 1984-2004.Economic Perspectives,2Q,13-28.
  28. Fletcher, J. M.(2011).The Medium Term Schooling and Health Effects of Low BirthWeight: Evidence from Siblings.Economics of Education Review,30,517-527.
  29. Gallo, W. T.,Teng, H. M.,Falba, T. A.,Kasl, S. V.,Krumholz, H. M.,Bradley, E. H.(2006).The Impact of Late Career Job Loss on Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A 10 Year Follow-Up Using the Health and Retirement Survey.Occupational and Environmental Medicine,63,683-687.
  30. Gerdtham, U. G.,Johannesson, M.(2003).A Note on the Effect of Unemployment on Mortality.Journal of Health Economics,22,505-518.
  31. Gregg, P.(2001).The Impact of Youth Unemployment on Adult Unemployment in the NCDS.Economic Journal,111,F626-F653.
  32. Gregory, M.,Jukes, R.(2001).Unemployment and Subsequent Earnings: Estimating Scarring among British Men.Economic Journal,111,F607-F625.
  33. Hardoy, I.,Schøne, P.(2013).No Youth Left Behind? The Long-Term Impact of Displacement on Young Workers.Kyklos,66,342-364.
  34. Heaton, P.(2012).Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime.Journal of Public Economics,96,42-52.
  35. Jacobson, L. S.,LaLonde, R. J.,Sullivan, D. G.(1993).Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers.American Economic Review,83,685-709.
  36. Jin, R. L.,Shah, C. P.,Svoboda, T. J.(1995).The Impact of Unemployment on Health: A Review of the Evidence.Canadian Medical Association Journal,153,529-540.
  37. Josepha, O.,Pailhé, A.,Recotillet, I.,Solaz, A.(2013).The Economic Impact of Taking Short Parental Leave: Evaluation of a French Reform.Labor Economics,25,63-75.
  38. Kletzer, L. G.(1989).Returns to Seniority after Permanent Job Loss.American Economic Review,79,536-543.
  39. Kletzer, L. G.,Fairlie, R.(2003).The Long-Term Costs of Job Displacement for Young Adults Workers.Industrial and Labor Relations Review,56,682-698.
  40. Kuhn, P. J.(2002).Losing Work, Moving on: Worker Displacement in International Perspective.Kalamazoo, MI:W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
  41. Lehmann, H.,Muravyev, A.,Razzolini, T.,Zaiceva, A.(2013).The Wage and Non-Wage Costs of Displacement in Boom Times: Evidence from Russia.Journal of Comparative Economics,41,1184-1201.
  42. Lehmann, H.,Philips, K.,Wadsworth, J.(2005).The Incidence and Cost of Job Loss in a Transition Economy: DisplacedWorkers in Estonia, 1989-1999.Journal of Comparative Economics,33,59-87.
  43. Lehmann, H.,Pignatti, N.,Wadsworth, J.(2006).The Incidence and Cost of Job Loss in the Ukrainian Labor Market.Journal of Comparative Economics,34,248-271.
  44. Lindahl, M.(2005).Estimating the Effect of Income on Health and Mortality Using Lottery Prizes as Exogenous Source of Variation in Income.Journal of Human Resources,40,144-168.
  45. Mandemakers, J. J.,Monden, C.W. S.(2013).Does the Effect of Job Loss on Psychological Distress Differ by Educational Level?.Work, Employment & Society,27,73-93.
  46. Marcus, J.(2013).The Effect of Unemployment on the Mental Health of Spouses - Evidence from Plant Closures in Germany.Journal of Health Economics,32,546-558.
  47. McKee-Ryan, F.,Song, Z.,Wanberg, C. R.,Kinicki, A. J.(2005).Psychological and Physical Well-Being during Unemployment: A Meta-Analytic Study.Journal of Applied Psychology,90,53-76.
  48. Meer, J.,Miller, D. L.,Rosen, H. S.(2003).Exploring the Health-Wealth Nexus.Journal of Health Economics,22,713-730.
  49. Orazen, P. F.,Vodopivec, M.,Wu, R.(2005).Worker Displacement during the Transition: Experience from Slovenia.Economics of Transition,13,311-340.
  50. Rege, M.,Telle, K.,Votruba, M.(2011).Parental Job Loss and Children's School Performance.Review of Economics Studies,78,1462-1489.
  51. Ruhm, C. J.(1991).Are Workers Permanently Scarred by Job Displacements?.American Economic Review,81,319-324.
  52. Salm, M.(2009).Does Job Loss Cause Ill Health?.Health Economics,18,1075-1089.
  53. Schaller, J.,Stevens, A. H.(2014).NBER Working PaperNBER Working Paper,未出版
  54. Schmieder, J. F.,von Wachter, T.,Bender, S.(2010).IAB Discussion PaperIAB Discussion Paper,未出版
  55. Schwerdt, G.(2011).Labor Turnover before Plant Closure: 'Leaving the Sinking Ship' vs. 'Captain Throwing Ballast Overboard'.Labour Economics,18,93-101.
  56. Schwerdt, G.,Ichino, A.,Ruf, O.,Winter-Ebmer, R.,Zweimuller, J.(2010).Does the Color of the Collar Matter? Employment and Earnings after Plant Closure.Economics Letters,108,137-140.
  57. Smith, J. P.(2009).The Impact of Childhood Health on Adult Labor Market Outcomes.Review of Economics and Statistics,91,478-489.
  58. Stevens, A. H.,Schaller J.(2011).Short-Run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Children's Academic Achievement.Economics of Education Review,30,289-299.
  59. Strully, K. W.(2009).Job Loss and Health in the U.S. Labor Market.Demography,46,221-246.
  60. Sullivan, D.,von Wachter, T.(2009).Job Displacement and Mortality: An Analysis Using Administrative Data.Quarterly Journal of Economics,124(3),1265-1306.
  61. Urbanos-Garrido, R. M.,Lopez-Valcarcel, B. G.(2015).The Influence of the Economic Crisis on the Association between Unemployment and Health: An Empirical Analysis for Spain.European Journal of Health Economics,16,175-184.
  62. Voss, M.,Nylen, L.,Roderus, B.,Diderichsen, F.,Terry, P. D.(2004).Unemployment and Early Cause-SpecificMortality: A Study Based on the Swedish Twin Registry.American Journal of Public Health,94,2155-2161.
  63. White, R.(2010).Long-RunWage and Earnings Losses of DisplacedWorkers.Applied Economics,42,1845-1856.
  64. Wise, D.(ed.)(2004).Perspectives on the Economics of Aging.Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
  65. 蔡淑鈴(2004)。國立陽明大學公共衛生研究所=Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University。
print cancel