研究發展外溢之產出成長效果與動態調整過程―台灣電力電子業之實證研究

Dynamic Adjustments of the Intra- and Inter-Industry R&D Spillovers: Evidence from Taiwanese Electronics Plant Level Data

10.6350/JSSP.200209.0289

蔡蕙安(Diana H. Tsai)；陳致綱(Jhih-Gang Chen)

研究發展 ； 外溢效果 ； 產業動態模型 ； 台灣電力電子業 ； R&D spillovers ； adjustment speed ； industry dynamic model ； Taiwanese electronics industry

人文及社會科學集刊

14卷3期（2002 / 09 / 01）

289 - 327

繁體中文

本文以動態要素需求模型檢視研究發展外溢之產出成長效果及其動態調整過程，實證對象為台灣1987-1995年電力電子機械業小分類之廠商。實證結果發現：一、台灣電力電子業之產業間與產業內外溢效果對產出成長之影響顯著，外溢效果因產業結構不同，須取決於各要素投入與外溢間交互影響之總效果；二、廠商在準固定要素－物質資本及R&D-的動態調整上，調整速度相對高於國外高科技產業，顯示台灣電力電子業廠商在面對環境衝擊時有較彈性的調整；三、台灣電力電子業在本研究期間存在顯著的規模報酬遞增，並處於穩定成長。

This paper studies the dynamic adjustments of the intra- and inter-industry R&D spillovers and exogenous technical change effects on output growth and cost structures for Taiwanese electronics industries. A dynamic production modeling is built up to estimate R&D spillover effects among and within electronics industries to study the dynamic effects of intra- and inter-industry R&D spillovers and exogenous technical changes on output growth for Taiwanese electronics industries. The analysis is performed using the Taiwan government's industrial census of technological activities at the micro level with 2340 plants for the period 1987-1995. The empirical evidence shows the following. 1) Both intra- and inter-industry spillovers have more important contributions on the electronics industry output growth than its own R&D. And the inter-industry R&D spillovers have greater contribution on output growth than intra-industry R&D spillovers. 2) The adjustment speeds in quasi-fixed inputs-R&D and physical capital-are faster than in other high-technology industries in other studies, reflecting Taiwanese electronic industries may have better performance in facing environmental shocks. 3) All six electronics industries are showing significant increasing return to scale and progressing steadily in the growing stage during 1987-1995.

1. 蔡蕙安 Tsai, Diana Hwei-An、 陳致綱 Chen, Tze-Gan(2002)。研究發展外溢效果對廠商成本結構之影響－臺灣高科技產業之實證分析。經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，30(2)
   連結：
2. (1997)。中華民國科學技術統計要覽。行政院國家科學委員會。
3. Adams, J. D.(1999).The Structure of Firm R＆D, The Factor Intensity of Production, and Skill Bias.The Review of Economics and Statistics,81(3)
4. Adams, J. D.(2000).Endogenous R＆D Spillovers and Industrial Research Productivity.
5. Aghion, P., Howitt, P.(1990).A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction.
6. Berndt, E. R., Morrison, C. J., Watkins, G. C.(1981).Measuring and Modeling Natural Resource Substitution.Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press.
7. Bernstein, J. I.(1988).Costs of Production, Intra- and Interindustry R＆D Spillovers: Canadian Evidence.Canadian Journal of Economics,21(2)
8. Bernstein, J. I., Nadiri, I. M.(1988).Interindustry R＆D spillover, rates of return, and production in high-tech industries.American Economic Review,78(2)
9. Bernstein, J. I., Nadiri, M. I.(1991).Product Demand, Cost of Production, Spillovers, and the Social Rate of Return to R＆D.
10. Denny, M., Fuss, M. A., Waverman, L.(1981).Measuring and Modeling Natural Resource Substitution.Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press.
11. Epstein, L. G., Yatchew, A.(1985).The Empirical Determination of Technology and Expectations: A Simplified Procedure.Journal of Econometrics,27
12. Evenson, R. E., Kislev, Y.(1973).Research and Productivity in Wheat and Maize.Journal of Political Economy,81
13. Goto, A., Suzuki, K.(1989).R＆D Capital, Rate of Return on R＆D Investment and Spillover of R＆D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries.Review of Economics and Statistics,71(4)
14. Griliches, Z.(1986).Productivity, R＆D and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970's.American Economic Review,76(1)
15. Griliches, Z.(1979).Issues in Assessing the Contributions of Research and Development to Productivity Growth.Bell Journal of Economics,10
16. Griliches, Z., Lichtenberg, F. R.(1984).R＆D, Patents and Productivity.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
17. Griliches, Z., Mairesse, J.(1984).R＆D, Patents, and Productivity.Chicago, IL.:University of Chicago Press.
18. Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E.(1991).Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth.Review of Economic Studies,58
19. Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E.(1990).Comparative Advantage and Long Run Growth.American Economic Review,80
20. Jaffe, A. B.(1986).Technological Opportunity and Spillovers of R＆D: Evidence from Firms' Patents, Profits, and Market Value.American Economic Review,76(5)
21. Levin, R. C., Reiss, P. C.(1988).Cost-reducting and demand-creating R＆D with spillovers.Rand Journal of Economics,19(4)
22. Levin, R. C., Reiss, P. C., Griliches, Z.(1984).R＆D, Patents, and Productivity.Chicago and London:University of Chicago Press.
23. Madan, D. P., Prucha, I. R.(1989).A Note on the Estimation of Nonsymmetric Dynamic Factor Demand Model.Journal of Econometrics,42
24. Mamuneas, T. P., Nadiri, M. I.(1996).Public R＆D Policies and Cost Behavior of the U. S. Manufacturing Industries.Journal of Public Economics,63(1)
25. Mohnen, P. A., Nadiri, M. I., Prucha, I. R.(1986).R＆D Production Structure and Rates of Return in the U. S., Japanese and German Manufacturing Sectors.European Economic Review,30
26. Nadiri, M. I., Prucha, I. R.(1990).Productivity Growth in Japan and the United States.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
27. Nadiri, M. I., Prucha, I. R.(1990).Dynamic Factor Demand Models, Productivity Measurement, and Rates of Return: Theory and Application to the US Bell System.Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,1(2)
28. Nadiri, M. I., Prucha, I. R.(1986).A Comparison of Alternative Methods for the Estimation of Dynamic Factor Demand Models Under Non-Static Expectations.Journal of Econometrics,33
29. Nadiri, M. I., Prucha, I. R.(1999).Dynamic Factor Demand Models and Productivity Analysis.
30. Norsworthy, J. R., Tsai, Diana H.(1998).Macroeconomic Policy as Implicit Industrial Policy: Its Industry and Enterprise Effects.Boston/ Dordrecht/ London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
31. Rausser, G., Hochman, E.(1981).Dynamic Agricultural Systems: Economic Prediction and Control.North Holland.
32. Raut, L.(1995).R＆D Spillover and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Indian Private Firms.Journal of Development Economics,48
33. Romer, P. M.(1986).Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth.Journal of Political Economy,94(5)
34. Romer, P. M.(1990).Endogenous Technological Change.Journal of Political Economy,98(5)
35. Schere, F. M.(1982).Inter-Industry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth.The Review of Economics and Statics,64
36. Spence, A. M.(1984).Cost Reduction, Competition, and Industry Performance.Econometrica,52(1)
37. Srinivasan, S.(1996).Estimation of Own R＆D, R＆D Spillover and Exogenous Technical Change Effects in Some US High-Technology Industries.
38. Srinivasan, S.(1995).Estimation of R＆D Spillovers and Exogenous Technical Change in Some U. S. High Technology Industries.University of Maryland.
39. Suzuki, K.(1993).R＆D Spillovers and technology transfer among and within vertical keiretsu groups - Evidence from the Japanese electrical machinery industry.International Journal of Industrial Organization,11(4)
40. Tsai, D. H.(2001).Annual conference of the Western Economic Association.San Francisco:
41. Tsai, D. H., Norsworthy, J. R.(1996).Measuring the Effects of Macroeconomic Policy in Industry Econometric Models: Toward Assessment of Industrial Policy.Journal of Policy Modeling,18(3)
42. 莊奕琦 Chuang, Yih-Chyi、 許碧峰 Hsu, Pi-Fem(1999)。研究發展對生產力的貢獻及產業間的外溢效果－臺灣製造業實證。經濟論文 Academia Economic Papers，27(3)
43. 陳忠榮 Chen, Jong-Rong、 陳威勳(1992)。研究發展外溢效果對廠商利潤績效之影響－以自動化新產業為例。經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，20(2)
44. 蔡光第 Tsai, Kuang-Ti、 楊浩彥 Yang, Hao-Yen(1996)。多層次巢覆式R＆D外溢效果與其對台灣製造業不同科技部門之貢獻 Multilevel-Nested R＆D Spillovers and Their Contributions to Sectors with Different Tech Levels in Taiwan's Manufacturing Industries。經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，24(1)
45. 蔡蕙安 Tsai, Diana Hwei-An(1999)。靜態與非靜態預期下產業動態模型之研究：以台灣電信業為例。亞太經濟管理評論 Asia-Pacific Economic and Management Review，3(1)

1. 陳麗旭(2016)。生產力與技術效率之研究—台灣資訊服務業與農業之驗證。臺灣大學國家發展研究所學位論文。2016。1-165。