拉岡與心理分析之倫理學：解析康德與薩德之纏捲

Lacan and Ethics of Psychoanalysis: Analysis of the Tangle between Kant and Sade

10.6350/JSSP.200709.0375

蔣興儀(Hsing-Yi Chiang)

拉岡 ； 心理分析 ； 倫理學 ； 欲望 ； 極權主義 ； Jacques Lacan ； psychoanalysis ； ethics ； desire ； totalitarianism

人文及社會科學集刊

19卷3期（2007 / 09 / 01）

375 - 401

繁體中文

本文主旨在於闡述拉岡的心理分析之倫理學，環繞著康德與薩德之問的模糊關係來進行。為了解決此模糊性，拉岡主張，定言律令不等同於邪淫的超我，而是關聯於非病理學的欲望。邪淫的超我乃是薩德式的執鞭者，他的形象具體展現為政治的極權主義之主體，並例示了倫理的心理裝置：他冷酷地盡他的義務，以此作為他施虐的藉口。秉持著義務之名，他鞭策他人實現主體化的過程，而把自身客觀化為道德法則的工具。此一行為使他背叛了道德法則的純粹形式，且調節了他自身的欲望。這就是為何康德的倫理學潛藏著對心理分析的重要貢獻，對拉岡而言，盡義務不需要藉口，只需跟隨自己的欲望而不必擔負任何罪疚感。

This article elaborates on the ethics of psychoanalysis of Lacan. The central theme revolves around the ambiguous relationship between Kant and Sade. To resolve this ambiguity, Lacan insists that the categorical imperative is not obscene superego, it is correlative to non-pathological desire. The obscene superego is a Sadian executioner whose image embodies the subject of political totalitarianism. This totalitarian subject exemplifies the psychical mechanism of ethics: he does his duty cold-bloodedly while excusing himself for his torturing. In the name of duty, he lashes others in order to realize their process of subjectivization, and objectifies himself as the instrument of the moral law. This action makes him betray the pure form of moral law and compromise his desire. This is why Kantian ethics lies hidden the unique impetus important for the ethics of psychoanalysis. For Lacan, to do one's duty is different from enjoyment. To do one's duty, one needs no excuse; one has to follow his desire without being burdened by the sense of guilt.

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