题名

三代之間:代間關係與中年生活福祉

并列篇名

Between Adult Children and Aging Parents: Intergenerational Relationship and Well-being in Midlife

作者

林如萍(Ju-ping Lin);黃秋華(Chiu-hua Huang)

关键词

代間關係 ; 中年 ; 生活福祉 ; 多世代家庭 ; 台灣社會變遷基本調查 ; intergenerational relationship ; mid-life ; well-being ; multigenerational family ; Taiwan Social Change Survey

期刊名称

人文及社會科學集刊

卷期/出版年月

29卷3期(2017 / 09 / 01)

页次

381 - 414

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

本研究以「處於中年階段之『中間世代』」的觀點切入,立基於代間連帶(solidarity)概念,探討其與老年父母、成年子女之代間關係,並探討代間關係與中年生活福祉之關聯。運用「台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」資料分析,結果顯示:代間關係確實顯著影響中年生活福祉。三代之代間支持交換為「主要獲得成年子女支持之『由下奉養型』」則生活福祉最佳,而「支持上下型」的中間世代生活福祉最低。由多世代家庭之代間關係與中年生活福祉的關聯可見,華人社會文化規範的價值觀形塑了代間支持的意義和期望。再者,三代之情感連帶亦攸關中年生活之福祉。

英文摘要

This study examined the intergenerational relationships among individuals in mid-life, their aging parents and adult children. The connections between multigenerational relationships and a mid-life individual's life satisfaction were explored. According to intergenerational solidarity theory, intergenerational relationships are dictated by various components: living arrangements, intergenerational support exchange, intergenerational affection, and intergenerational norms. Data were obtained from the 2011 Taiwan Social Change Survey. In this study, only subjects aged between 40 and 64, with at least one aging parent (aged 65 and above) still alive and one adult child (aged 18 and above) were analyzed. Middle-aged adults, who gave support to their aging parents and adult children, the "support up and down" type, were most unsatisfied with life. Cultural values reinforce the meaning and expectations of intergenerational support and shape the outcomes. This study also underscores the importance of the emotional component in intergenerational relationships to the wellbeing of middle-aged adults.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
参考文献
  1. Fan, Gang-hua,Frisbie, W. Parker(2009).How Do Multiple Roles Affect Young and Middle-Aged Women's Health? The Impacts of Employment and Family Roles.Journal of Population Studies,38,33-65.
    連結:
  2. 周玉慧、黃朗文(2007)。中年生活感受與憂鬱之關係:以情緒支持為中介。人文及社會科學集刊,19(4),439-471。
    連結:
  3. 洪晟惠、周麗端(2011)。家庭發展階段與家庭結構對中年世代生活滿意度的影響。人類發展與家庭學報,13,75-100。
    連結:
  4. 曾瀝儀、張金鶚、陳淑美(2006)。老人居住安排選擇—代間關係之探討。住宅學報,15(2),45-64。
    連結:
  5. AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) 2001 “In the Middle: A Report on Multicultural Boomers Coping with Family and Aging Issues,” Retrieved January 13, 2012, from http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/in_the_middle.pdf
  6. Allen, Katherine R.,Blieszner, Rosemary,Roberto, Karen A.(2000).Families in the Middle and Later Years: A Review and Critique of Research in the 1990s.Journal of Marriage and Family,62(4),911-926.
  7. Arber, Sara(ed.),Attias-Donfut, Claudine(ed.)(2000).The Myth of Generational Conflict: The Family and State in Ageing Societies.London:Routledge.
  8. Beckman, Linda J.(1981).Effects of Social Interaction and Children's Relative Inputs on Older Women's Psychological Well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,41(6),1075-1086.
  9. Bengtson, Vern L.(2001).Beyond the Nuclear Family: The Increasing Importance of Multigenerational Bonds.Journal of Marriage and Family,63(1),1-16.
  10. Bengtson, Vern L.(ed.),Achenbaum, W. Andrew(ed.)(1993).The Changing Contract across Generations.Hawthorne, NY:Aldine de Gruyter.
  11. Bengtson, Vern L.(ed.),Acock, Alan C.(ed.),Allen, Katherine R.(ed.),Dilworth-Anderson, Peggye(ed.),Klein, David M.(ed.)(2005).Sourcebook of Family Theory & Research.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
  12. Bengtson, Vern L.(ed.),Robertson, Joan F.(ed.)(1985).Grandparenthood.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
  13. Bengtson, Vern L.(ed.),Schaie, Klaus Warner(ed.),Burton, Linda M.(ed.)(1995).Adult Intergenerational Relations: Effects of Societal Change.New York:Springer.
  14. Bengtson, Vern L.,Giarrusso, Roseann,Mabry, J. Beth,Silverstein, Merril(2002).Solidarity, Conflict and Ambivalence: Complementary or Competing Perspectives on Intergenerational Relationships?.Journal of Marriage and Family,64(3),568-576.
  15. Bengtson, Vern L.,Giarrusso, Roseann,Silverstein, Merril,Wang, Haitao(2000).Families and Intergenerational Relationships in Aging Societies.Hallym International Journal of Aging,2(1),3-10.
  16. Bengtson, Vern L.,Harootyan, Robert A.(1994).Intergenerational Linkages: Hidden Connections in American Society.New York:Springer.
  17. Bengtson, Vern L.,Kuypers, Joseph A.(1971).Generational Difference and the Developmental Stake.The International Journal of Aging and Human Development,2(4),249-260.
  18. Binstock, Robert H.(ed.),George, Linda K.(ed.)(1995).Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences.San Diego:Academic Press.
  19. Binstock, Robert H.(ed.),George, Linda K.(ed.)(1990).Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences.San Diego:Academic Press.
  20. Blanchflower, David G.,Oswald, Andrew J.(2009).The U-shape without Controls: A Response to Glenn.Social Science & Medicine,69(4),486-488.
  21. Blanchflower, David G.,Oswald, Andrew J.(2008).Is Well-being U-shaped over the Life Cycle?.Social Science & Medicine,66(8),1733-1749.
  22. Börsch-Supan, Axel(ed.),Brugiavini, Agar(ed.),Jürges, Hendrik(ed.),Mackenbach, Johan(ed.),Siegrist, Johannes(ed.),Weber, Guglielmo(ed.)(2005).Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe-First Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.Mannheim:MEA.
  23. Chu, Chin-yi Cyrus,Yu, Ruoh-rong(2009).Understanding Chinese Families: A Comparative Study of Taiwan and Southeast China.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
  24. DeRigne, LeaAnne,Ferrante, Stephen(2012).The Sandwich Generation: A Review of the Literature.Florida Public Health Review,9,95-104.
  25. Dowd, James J.(1975).Aging as Exchange: A Preface to Theory.Journal of Gerontology,30(5),584-594.
  26. Hagestad, Gunhild O.,Herlofson, Katharina(2007).,未出版
  27. Hillcoat-Nallétamby, Sarah,Dharmalingam, Arunachalam(2002).Constraints of Multi-generational Support for Those in Mid-life-An Emerging Policy Issue?.Social Policy Journal of New Zealand,19,128-140.
  28. Hogan, Dennis P.,Eggebeen, David J.,Clogg, Clifford C.(1993).The Structure of Intergenerational Exchanges in American Families.American Journal of Sociology,98(6),1428-1458.
  29. Ingoldsby, Bron B.,Smith, Suzanne R.,Miller, J. Elizabeth(2004).Exploring Family Theories.Los Angeles, CA:Roxbury Pub..
  30. Izuhara, Misa(ed.)(2010).Ageing and Intergenerational Relations: Family Reciprocity from a Global Perspective.Bristol, UK:The Policy Press.
  31. Koopman-Boyden, Peggy(ed.),Dharmalingam, Arunachalam(ed.),Grant, Bevan(ed.),Hendy, Vivien(ed.),Hillcoat-Nallétamby, Sarah(ed.),Mitchell, David(ed.),O'Driscoll, Michael(ed.),Thompson, S.(ed.)(2000).Transactions in the Mid-life Family.Hamilton:Population Association of New Zealand.
  32. Künemund, Harald(2006).Changing Welfare States and the 'Sandwich Generation': Increasing Burden for the Next Generation?.International Journal of Ageing and Later Life,1(2),11-29.
  33. Lachman, Margie E.(ed.)(2001).Handbook of Midlife Development.New York:Wiley.
  34. Larson, Reed(1978).Thirty Years of Research on the Subjective Well-being of Older Americans.Journal of Gerontology,33(1),109-125.
  35. Lee, Gary R.(1985).Kinship and Social Support of the Elderly: The Case of the United States.Aging & Society,5(1),19-38.
  36. Lin, I-fen,Goldman, Noreen,Weinstein, Maxine,Lin, Yu-hsuan,Gorrindo, Tristan,Seeman, Teresa(2003).Gender Differences in Adult Children's Support of Their Parents in Taiwan.Journal of Marriage and Family,65(1),184-200.
  37. Lin, Ju-ping,Chang, Tse-fan,Huang, Chiu-hua(2011).Intergenerational Relations and Life Satisfaction among Older Women in Taiwan.International Journal of Social Welfare,20(S1),S47-S58.
  38. Lin, Ju-ping,Yi, Chin-chun(2011).Filial Norms and Intergenerational Support to Aging Parents in China and Taiwan.International Journal of Social Welfare,20(S1),S109-S120.
  39. Litwin, Howard(2004).Intergenerational Exchange and Mental Health in Later-life: The Case of Older Jewish Israelis.Aging & Mental Health,8(3),196-200.
  40. Loomis, Laura Spencer,Booth, Alan(1995).Multigenerational Caregiving and Well-Being: The Myth of the Beleaguered Sandwich Generation.Journal of Family Issues,16(2),131-148.
  41. Lowenstein, Ariela(2007).Solidarity-Conflict and Ambivalence: Testing Two Conceptual Frameworks and Their Impact on Quality of Life for Older Family Members.The Journals of Gerontology Series B,62(2),S100-S107.
  42. Lowenstein, Ariela,Katz, Ruth,Gur-Yaish, Nurit(2007).Reciprocity in Parent-Child Exchange and Life Satisfaction among the Elderly: A Cross-National Perspective.Journal of Social Issues,63(4),865-883.
  43. Luescher, Kurt,Pillemer, Karl(1998).Intergenerational Ambivalence: A New Approach to the Study of Parent-Child Relations in Later Life.Journal of Marriage and Family,60(2),413-425.
  44. Lynn, Marion(ed.)(2003).Voices: Essays on Canadian Families.Toronto:Thomson Nelson.
  45. Maddox, George L.(ed.),Lawton, M. Powell(ed.)(1993).Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Focus on Kinship, Aging, and Social Change, Vol.13.New York:Springer.
  46. Mancini, Jay A.(ed.)(1989).Aging Parents and Adult Children.Lexington, MA:Lexington Books.
  47. Mangen, David J.(ed.),Bengtson, Vern L.(ed.),Landry, Pierre H., Jr.(ed.)(1988).Measurement of Intergenerational Relations.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
  48. Mangen, David J.(ed.),Peterson, Warren A.(ed.)(1982).Research Instruments in Social Gerontology, Vol. 2, Social Roles and Social Participation.Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
  49. McGarry, Kathleen,Schoeni, Robert F.(1995).Transfer Behavior in the Health and Retirement Study: Measurement and the Redistribution of Resources within the Family.The Journal of Human Resources,30(S),S184-S226.
  50. McIlvane, Jessica M.,Ajrouch, Kristine J.,Antonucci, Toni C.(2007).Generational Structure and Social Resources in Mid-Life: Influences on Health and Well-Being.Journal of Social Issues,63(4),759-773.
  51. Neugarten, Bernice L.(1976).Adaptation and the Life Cycle.The Counseling Psychologist,6(1),16-20.
  52. Park, Keong-suk,Phua, Voonchin,McNally, James,Sun, Rongjun(2005).Diversity and Structure of Intergenerational Relationships: Elderly Parent-Adult Child Relations in Korea.Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology,20(4),285-305.
  53. Penning, Margaret J.(1998).In the Middle: Parental Caregiving in the Context of Other Roles.The Journals of Gerontology Series B,53B(4),S188-S197.
  54. Roberts, Robert E. L.,Richards, Leslie N.,Bengtson, Vern L.(1991).Intergenerational Solidarity in Families: Untangling the Ties That Bind.Marriage & Family Review,16(1-2),11-46.
  55. Rosenthal, Carolyn J.,Martin-Matthews, Anne,Matthews, Sarah H.(1996).Caught in the Middle? Occupancy in Multiple Roles and Help to Parents in a National Probability Sample of Canadian Adults.The Journals of Gerontology Series B,51B(6),S274-S283.
  56. Rossi, Alice S.,Rossi, Peter H.(1990).Of Human Bonding: Parent-Child Relations across the Life Course.Hawthorne, NY:Aldine de Gruyter.
  57. Sarason, Barbara R.(ed.),Sarason, Irwin G.(ed.),Pierce, Gregory R.(ed.)(1990).Social Support: An Interactional View.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
  58. Sokolovsky, Jay(ed.)(1997).The Cultural Context of Aging: Worldwide Perspectives.Westport, CT:Greenwood Press.
  59. Spitze, Glenna,Logan, John R.,Joseph, Genevieve,Lee, Eunju(1994).Middle Generation Roles and the Well-being of Men and Women.The Journals of Gerontology Series B,49(3),S107-S116.
  60. Stoller, Eleanor P.(1985).Exchange Patterns in the Informal Support Networks of the Elderly: The Impact of Reciprocity on Morale.Journal of Marriage and Family,47(2),335-342.
  61. Walker, Alan(ed.)(1996).The New Generational Contract: Intergenerational Relations, Old Age and Welfare.London:University College London Press.
  62. Ward, Russell A.,Spitze, Glenna(1998).Sandwiched Marriages: The Implications of Child and Parent Relations for Marital Quality in Midlife.Social Forces,77(2),647-666.
  63. Ward, Russell A.,Spitze, Glenna,Deane, Glenn(2009).The More the Merrier? Multiple Parent-Adult Child Relations.Journal of Marriage and Family,71(1),161-173.
  64. Willis, Sherry L.(ed.),Martin, Mike(ed.)(2005).Middle Adulthood: A Lifespan Perspective.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
  65. Yi, Chin-chun,Lin, Ju-ping(2009).Types of Relations between Adult Children and Elderly Parents in Taiwan: Mechanisms Accounting for Various Relational Types.Journal of Comparative Family Studies,40(2),305-324.
  66. 伊慶春編、章英華編(2012)。台灣的社會變遷1985~2005:家庭與婚姻,台灣社會變遷基本調查系列三之1。臺北=Taipei:中央研究院社會學研究所=Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica。
  67. 李選、盧瑛琪、顏文娟、林淑琴(2004)。中年期於人生轉折過程所呈現之健康問題與因應。護理雜誌,51(1),14-19。
  68. 汪永濤(2013)。城市化進程中農村代際關係的變遷。南方人口,28(1),73-80+18。
  69. 周玉慧、吳明燁、黃朗文(2010)。當中年遇到青少年:親子關係類型與父母中年生活感受。台灣社會學,20,1-37。
  70. 林如萍(1998)。農家代間情感之研究—老年父母與其最親密的成年子女。中華家政學刊,27,68-83。
  71. 林旗德、林璟玲(2010)。三明治世代家人照顧壓力之探討。幼兒保育論壇,5,193-211。
  72. 邱皓政(2008)。潛在類別模式—原理與技術。臺北=Taipei:五南=Wu-Nan。
  73. 邱皓政、林碧芳、許碧純、陳育瑜(2012)。統計學:原理與應用。臺北=Taipei:五南=Wu-Nan。
  74. 孫新華、王豔霞(2013)。交換型代際關係:農村家際代際關係的新動向—對江漢平原農村的定性研究。民俗研究,2013(1),134-142。
  75. 陳午晴編、汪建華編(2014)。家庭與性別評論。北京=Beijing:社會科學文獻出版社=Social Sciences Academic Press。
  76. 章英華編、杜素豪編、廖培珊編(2012)。台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫:第六期第二次調查計畫執行報告。臺北=Taipei:中央研究院社會學研究所=Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica。
  77. 廖培珊(2014)。,未出版
  78. 劉桂莉(2005)。眼淚為什麼往下流?—轉型期家庭代際關係傾斜問題探析。南昌大學學報,36(6),1-8。
  79. 謝國雄編(2008)。群學爭鳴:台灣社會學發展史—1945-2005。臺北=Taipei:群學=Socio。
  80. 鍾曉慧、何式凝(2014)。協商式親密關係:獨生子女父母對家庭關係和孝道的期待。開放時代,2014(1),155-175+7-8。
被引用次数
  1. 陳思帆(2022)。心盛理論應用於提升空巢期中高齡者生命價值感之探討。諮商與輔導,441,11-13+10。
  2. 黃秋華、林如萍(2018)。成年子女與嬰兒潮世代父母的代間經濟支持交換:生命事件的影響。人類發展與家庭學報,19,15-43。
  3. 陸子初,陳端容,吳冠穎(2022)。老人是珍寶或是負擔?亞洲青壯世代對老年人的態度。台灣公共衛生雜誌,41(3),331-346。
  4. 葉光輝,吳志文(2020)。成為老年父母的照顧者:成年子女的孝道信念、代間多重時空框架經驗整合能力及代間照顧者角色認同。中華輔導與諮商學報,59,1-33。
  5. 鄭清霞,歐紫彤,洪惠芬(2023)。輪班照顧到遷移照顧:男性照顧者返鄉照顧歷程的社會脈絡初探。人文社會科學研究,17(3),23-60。
  6. (2020)。臺灣個人核心網絡的變化:比較 1997年與 2017 年的差異。臺灣社會學刊,67,63-134。
  7. (2021)。高齡社會的家庭代間關係與老年照顧。社區發展季刊,176,66-77。
  8. (2021)。看見不一樣的爺奶:照片作為祖孫代間溝通的橋梁。傳播與社會學刊,55,197-233。