開放原始碼下的價格與品質競爭

Price and Quality Competition for Open Source Software

10.6277/ter.2005.332.1

王智賢(Jue-Shyan Wang)；黃志維(Chih-Wei Huang)；陳恭平(Kong-Pin Chen)

開放原始碼 ； 網路外部性 ； open source ； network externalities

經濟論文叢刊

33卷2期（2005 / 06 / 01）

115 - 147

繁體中文

開放原始碼軟體在近年來為資訊產業的熱門話題，本文建立一經濟模型，來描繪開放原始碼廠商與封閉原始碼廠商之間的競爭。我們發現，給定生產封閉原始碼軟體的技術水準，網路效果強度相對於消費者對廠商產品的偏好程度較大時，開放原始碼軟體的使用者修改軟體的行為，必然會使開放原始碼軟體的品質上升；但當網路效果強度相對於消費者對廠商產品的偏好程度較小時，開放原始碼軟體的使用者修改軟體，則未必能使開放原始碼軟體的品質上升。

The paper investigates the price and quality competition between an open source and a closed source software. It is often believed that one of the advantages of open sources is that it enables the users to access the source, and thus voluntarily modify and improve the quality of the software. The results of our model show that, given the quality of closed source software, if the degree of network externalities is large relative to the intensity of the users' preferences, then this is indeed the case. If, however, the degree is small relative to preferences, then the quality does not necessarily improve.

1. Andreoni, J.(1998).Toward a theory of charitable fund-raising.Journal of Political Economy,106,1186-1213.
2. Chou, C. F. ,O. Shy(1993).Partial compatibility and supporting services.Economics Letters,41,193-197.
3. Chou, C. F. ,O. Shy(1990).Network effects without network externalities, and predarion.International Journal of Industrial Organization,8,259-270.
4. Economides, N.(1989).Desirability of compatibility in the absence of network externalities.American Economic Review,78（1）,108-121.
5. Farrell, J.,G. Saloner(1986).Standardization and variety.Economics Letters,20,71-74.
6. Farrell, J.,G. Saloner(1985).Standardization, compatibility, and innovation.Rand Journal of Economics,16,70-83.
7. Farrell, J.,G. Saloner(1986).Installed base and compatibility: innovation, product preannouncements, and predation.American Economic Review,76,940-955.
8. Gayer, A.,O. Shy(2003).Internet and peer-to-peer distributions in markets for digital products.Economics Letters,81,197-203.
9. Johnson, J. P.(2002).Open source software: private provision of a public good.Journal of Economics and Management Strategy,11,637-662.
10. Katz, M. L.,C. Shapiro(1992).Product Introduction with network externalities.Journal of Industrial Economics,40（1）,55-84.
11. Katz, M. L.,C. Shapiro(1986).Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities.Journal of Political Economy,94,822-841.
12. Katz, M. L.,C. Shapiro(1985).Network externalities, competition, and compatibility.American Economic Review,75（3）,424-440.
13. Katz, M. L.,C. Shapiro(1986).Product compatibility choice in a market with technological progress.Oxford Economic Papers,38,146-165.
14. Katz, M. L.,C. Shapiro(1994).Systems competition and network effects.Journal of Economic Perspectives,8（2）,93-115.
15. Lerner, J.,J. Tirole(2002).Some simple economics of open source.Journal of Industrial Economics,L,197-234.
16. Lerner, J.,J. Tirole(2001).The open source movement: key research questions.European Economic Review,45,819-822.
17. Peter Wayner(2000)。開放原始碼
18. 余家銘、周建富(2001)。台灣經濟學會年會論文集。
19. 葛林．穆迪(2001)。Linux傳奇。台北:時報文化出版企業股份有限公司。
20. 羅伯．楊．羅姆(2000)。Linux紅帽旋風。天下遠見出版股份有限公司。

1. 蔡明芳、邱俊榮、王光正(2008)。綱路外部性、商譽與市場失靈。人文及社會科學集刊，20(2)，173-203。