污染管制與經濟成長：一個不完全競爭的總體模型

Emission Standards Policy and Economic Growth: An Imperfectly Competitive Macro Model

10.6277/ter.2008.363.3

陳智華(Jhy-Hwa Chen)；謝智源(Jhy-Yuan Shieh)

污染排放標準 ； 防治污染補貼 ； 經濟成長 ； 不完全競爭 ； Emission standard ； Abatement subsidy ； Imperfect competition ； Economic growth

經濟論文叢刊

36卷3期（2008 / 09 / 01）

357 - 392

繁體中文

本文設計一個中間財生產會產生污染且市場結構爲不完全競爭的總體模型，據此探討嚴格的污染排放管制政策與防治污染補貼政策對於經濟成長之影響。根據本文的研究指出：當污染的生產外部性大於毛污染投入的產出彈性時，嚴格的污染排放管制政策可能在不傷害經濟成長的前提下，有效地改善環境品質。更重要的是，污染排放標準對於經濟體系成長的提升效果會隨著市場競爭程度提高而變得更加明顯。另外，在有污染排放標準的管制下，若進一步地實施防治污染補貼政策，則可以提高經濟成長率，而且提升的幅度與市場競爭程度呈現正向相關。同時，在污染排放標準施行的前提下，污染稅不但無法改善環境品質，同時更會傷害經濟成長。除此之外，本文也討論最適政策與其特性。

This paper develops a dynamic optimizing macro model with pollution externalities (on utility and production) and market imperfections, and uses it to examine the impact of emission standards and abatement subsidies on economic growth. We show that the key factor determining the steady state effect of emission standards on the rate of economic growth is the relative magnitude of the production elasticity of the emission input and the environmental externality on production. Moreover, abatement subsidies will stimulate economic growth. This paper also discusses Pareto-optimal policy.

1. Alfsen, K.、Brendemoen, A.、Glomsrød, S.(1992)。Discussion paper。Norway:Central Bureau of Statistics。
2. Ballard, C. L.、Medema, S. G.(1993)。The marginal efficiency effects of taxes and subsidies in the presence of externalities。Journal of Public Economics，52，199-216。
3. Barde, J. P.,O. Timothy (ed.)(1997).Ecotaxation.New York:St. Martin`s Press.
4. Barro, R. J.,Sala-i Martin, X.(2004).Economic Growth.London:The MIT Press.
5. Bartolini, S.,Bonatti, L.(2002).Environmental and social degradation as the engine of economic growth.Ecological Economics,43,1-16.
6. Benhabib, J.,Farmer, R. E. A.(1994).Indeterminacy and increasing returns.Journal of Economic Theory,63,19-41.
7. Bovenberg, A. L.,de Mooij, R. A.(1997).Environmental tax reform and endogenous growth.Journal of Public Economics,63,207-237.
8. Bovenberg, A. L.,Smulders, S.(1995).Environmental quality and pollution-augmenting technological change in a two-sector endogenous growth model.Journal of Public Economics,57,369-391.
9. Boyd, J. H.,R. Ramachandran,R. Sato (eds.)(1990).Conservation Laws and Symmetry: Applications to Economics and Finance.Boston:Kluwer.
10. Brendemoen, A.,Vennemo, H.(1994).A climate treaty and the Norwegian economy: A CGE assessment.The Energy Journal,15,77-93.
11. Byrne, M. M.(1997).Is growth a dirty word? pollution, abatement and economic growth.Journal of Development Economics,54,261-284.
12. Chen, J. H.,Lai, C. C.,Shieh, J. Y.(2003).Anticipated environmental policy and transitional dynamics in an endogenous growth model.Environmental and Resource Economics,25,233-254.
13. Considine, T. J.(2001).Mark-up pricing in petroleum refining: A multiproduct framework.International Journal of Industrial Organization,19,1499-1526.
14. Datta, M.,Mirman, L. J.(1999).Externalities, market power, and resource extraction.Journal of Environmental Economics andManagement,37,233-255.
15. Den Butter, F. A. G.,Hofkes, M. W.(1995).Sustainable development with extractive and non-extractive use of the environment in production.Environmental and Resource Economics,6,341-358.
16. Dixit, A. K.,Stiglitz, J. E.(1977).Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity.American Economic Review,67,297-308.
17. Domowitz, I.,Hubbard, R. G.,Peterson, B. C.(1988).Market structure and cyclical fluctuations in USmanufacturing.Review of Economics and Statistics,70,55-66.
18. Elbasha, E. H.,Roe, T. L.(1996).On endogenous growth: The implications of environmental externalities.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,31,240-268.
19. Gottinger, H. W.(1999).Crime, control and environmental policy: The case of hazardous wastes.Metroeconomica,50,1-33.
20. Guo, J. T.,Lansing, K. J.(1999).Optimal taxation of capital income with imperfectly competitive product markets.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,23,967-995.
21. Hall, R. E.(1986).Market structure and macroeconomic fluctuations.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,2,285-322.
22. Harford, J. D.(1978).Firm behavior under imperfectly enforceable pollution standard and tax.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,5,26-43.
23. Helfand, G. E.,van den Bergh J. C. J. M. (ed.)(1999).Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
24. Huang, C. H.,Cai, D.(1994).Constant returns endogenous growth with pollution control.Environmental and Resource Economics,4,383-400.
25. Jorgenson, D. W.,Wilcoxen, P. J.(1990).Environmental regulation and U.S. economic growth.Rand Journal of Economics,21,314-390.
26. Karp, L.(1992).Social welfare in a common property oligopoly.International Economic Review,33,353-372.
27. Oueslati, W.(2002).Environmental policy in an endogenous growth model with human capital and endogenous labor supply.Economic Modelling,19,487-507.
28. Rosendahl, K. E.(1996).Does improved environmental policy enhances economic growth?.Environmental and Resource Economics,9,341-364.
29. Smulders, S.,Gradus, R.(1996).Pollution abatement and long-term growth.European Journal of Political Economy,12,505-532.
30. Tahvonen, O.,Kuuluvainen, J.(1991).Optimal growth with renewable resources and pollution.European Economic Review,35,650-661.
31. Tietenberg, T.(2000).Environmental and Natural Resource Economics.New York:Addison Wesley.
32. Turnovsky, S. J.(2000).Methods of Macroeconomic Dynamics.Cambridge:The MIT Press.
33. Velthuijsen, J. W.,Worrell, E.,van den Bergh J. C. J.M. (ed.)(1999).Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
34. Xepapadeas, A.,K. G. Mäler,J. R. Vincent (eds.)(2005).Handbook of Environmental Economics.Netherlands:Elsevier.
35. 行政院環保署編(2004)。環境白皮書。台北:行政院環保署。
36. 陳正倉、林惠玲、陳忠榮、莊春發(2004)。產業經濟學。台北:雙葉。
37. 陳師孟(1990)。總體經濟演義。台北:陳師孟。
38. 蕭代基、張家春、黃錦糖、朱澤民、張能復、黃宗煌、楊重信、葉淑琦、林淑瑜(1998)。空氣污染防制費收費辦法與執行之檢討。經社法治論叢，22，203-228。

1. 郭鐘元、胡士文、王葳(2013)。防治污染政策與研發補貼：R&D 內生成長模型的應用。農業經濟叢刊，18(2)，1-41。
2. 孫鈺峯、阮俊英(2013)。環保支出、通貨膨脹和經濟成長之間的關聯。經濟研究，49(1)，1-30。
3. 謝智源,陳智華,陳孟霆(2022)。環境汙染、疾病傳播與經濟成長。經濟論文叢刊，50(4)，395-422。