共同邊界Malmquist生產力指數的延伸：跨國總體資料的實證分析

Extensions of the Metafrontier Malmquist Productivity Index: An Empirical Study with Cross-country Macro-data

10.6277/ter.2008.364.5

陳谷劦(Ku-Hsieh Chen)；楊浩彥(Hao-Yen Yang)

共同邊界 ； Malmquist指數 ； 總要素生產力 ； 規模效率 ； 技術追趕 ； metafrontier ； TFP productivity ； scale efficiency ； technological catch-up

經濟論文叢刊

36卷4期（2008 / 12 / 01）

551 - 588

繁體中文

本文針對Rao(2006)的共同邊界Malmquist生產力指數(MMPI)，進行二個層面的延伸：首先，考量生產力指數衡量的完全性，嚐試透過距離函數的推導，在參數法下，提供一般化共同邊界Malmquist生產力指數(gMMPI)的拆解，與可行估計架構；另外，亦針對MMPI構成項目中的「追趕」，進一步再拆解為純粹技術追趕(PTCU)與潛在技術相對變動(PTRC)二項，以獲得更為明確的意涵。實證上，利用1980-2003年間，26個高所得國家(DCs)，以及40個中所得與低所得國家(LDCs)的總體資料，進行參數法的生產力推估與拆解。結果發現，在MMPI的架構下，LDCs的生產力高於DCs，而在gMMPI的架構下，LDCs的生產力則低於DCs，此反轉的結果，說明了未考量規模效率變動的MMPI，所潛藏的衡量不完全的風險。其次，將焦點轉向亞洲國家的比較，可更清楚了解PTCU所捕捉的，為個別國家的技術追趕，而PTRC則反應出潛在技術發展空間的變化，其意涵與可應用的範圍不同。最後，本文亦對純粹技術追趕過程進行一簡單的實證，結果發現，技術水準較低的國家，技術追趕的速度較快，推論原因，主要可能與技術取得的差異有關。

This study extends Rao (2006) Metafrontier Malmquist Productivity Index (MMPI) to two dimensions. First, to increase the measure's completeness this paper attempts to subsume a scale efficiency term (SEC) in the MMPI. Second, the 'catch-up' term in the MMPI is further divided into two subcomponents: pure technological catch-up (PTCU) and potential technological relative change (PTRC), to achieve a more meaningful decomposition. An empirical study is then conducted using data on two country groups: 26 high income level countries (DCs) and 40 middle and low income level countries (LDCs) for 1980-2003. The results reveal that: (i) the MMPI shows a higher productivity of LDCs. However, the gMMPI shows a lower productivity of LDCs. Such a reversal suggests the risk of using the MMPI without considering the SEC effects; (ii) when focusing on the Four Asian Tigers, the implication of the PTCU and PTRC are more unambiguous. Finally, this study also inspects the pattern of pure technological catch-up. The results show that a country with a lower level of technology will exhibit a higher catch-up rate. This is due to the differences in acquiring technology between DCs and LDCs.

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