最適平行輸入政策

Optimal Trade Policy with Parallel Imports

10.6277/ter.2009.372.1

高國峯(Kuo-Feng Kao)；彭正浩(Cheng-Hau Peng)

平行輸入 ； 最適貿易政策 ； 兩部訂價 ； 差別訂價 ； parallel imports ； optimal trade policy ； uniform pricing ； price discrimination

經濟論文叢刊

37卷2期（2009 / 06 / 01）

111 - 133

繁體中文

在國際貿易越來越頻繁的今日，隨著航運技術和資訊科技的進步，貿易成本逐漸地下降，平行輸入的成長與其佔貿易總量的比重已不容忽視。因此，它對於國際貿易及社會福利的影響是值得研究的一個重要課題。本文利用一個三國三階段模型探討當製造商採不同的訂價模式（兩部訂價與差別訂價）下，零售國政府對於平行輸入應該採取的最適政策。在模型設定上，本文假定製造商位於獨立的第三國，而兩零售國政府則可以對平行輸入進行管制。本文發現當製造商採用兩部訂價時，平行輸入量的增加對本國福利並無影響；但製造商及全球福祉卻會因此下降。相對的，當製造商採用差別訂價時，平行輸入的增加必使得本國福利與製造商利潤上升，但對全球福祉之影響則視開放之程度而定。

Parallel imports are goods traded outside the control of an original trademark or copyright manufacturer. This paper, utilizing a three-stage three-country model to investigate the retail country's optimal trade policy towards parallel imports. The retail country's optimal trade policy is shown to depend on the pricing scheme employed by the manufacturer. Increasing parallel imports have no impact on the retail country's welfare but decreases world welfare and the profit of the manufacturer if the manufacturer uses a twopart tariff as its pricing scheme. In contrast, if the manufacturer engages in price discrimination, both the retail country's welfare and the profit of the manufacturer increase but the impact on world welfare is ambiguous.

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1. Peng, Cheng-Hau,Hwang, Hong,Huang, Pin-Cheng,Peng, Cheng-Hau,Hwang, Hong,Huang, Pin-Cheng(2014).Welfare Effects of Tariffication on Parallel Trade.經濟論文叢刊,42(4),453-473.