高中教育生產函數的估計—學校品質與家庭資源的投入產出分析

Estimates of Education Production Functions: The Effectiveness of School Inputs and Parental Financial Resources

10.6277/ter.2012.404.3

蔡彣涓(Wehn-Jyuan Tsai)

教育生產函數 ； 附加價值 ； 學校資源 ； 高中 ； education production function ； value-added specification ； school resources ； high school

經濟論文叢刊

40卷4期（2012 / 12 / 01）

481 - 513

繁體中文

學校品質與父母資源的投入對學生教育成就產出的生產技術長久以來一直是教育政策的核心議題。本文主要使用2001－2003年的大學聯招考生成績檔，研究高中應屆考生教育生產函數中各種投入的相對重要性及其成效。本文採取附加價值的設定方式，以學生大學學測成績做為其前期的教育結果，同時並使用各高中的師生比衡量學校的財務資源、各高中應屆考生大學學測的平均成績衡量學校聲譽的投入、補習費用衡量父母財務資源的投注，且估計各投入對學生大學指定科目考試成績的影響。實證結果顯示在學生平均能力較高的學校，師生比的增加對學生所有指定科目考試的成績除了生物成績之外皆具有加值效果。父母財務資源的投入則主要影響學生指定科目考試文學社會相關學科的成績。

A key element of the policy discussion surrounding schools has been the effectiveness of additional resources in raising student achievement. This study uses the 2001-2003 Taiwanese Joint College Entrance Examination (JCEE) files to estimate a value-added production function for achievement by high school students. We use the score on a compentency test as a student's lagged test score and use teacher-student ratios to measure school expenditure, the average score on the competency test within schools to measure school rankings and cram schooling expenditure to measure parental financial resources. The empirical results suggest that for the most prestigious schools higher school expenditure (higher teacher-student ratios) raises the standardized JCEE scores of high school graduates. Moreover, the estimates show that an increase in parental financial resources increases the standardized scores on Chinese, English and History.

1. 林大森、陳憶芬(2006)。台灣高中生參加補習之效益分析。教育研究集刊，52(4)，35-70。
   連結：
2. 陳建州、劉正(2004)。論多元入學方案之教育機會均等性。教育研究集刊，50(4)，115-146。
   連結：
3. 黃芳玫、吳齊殷(2010)。台灣國中學生個人特質、家庭背景與學業成績─追蹤調查資料之研究。經濟論文叢刊，38(1)，65-97。
   連結：
4. 銀慶貞、陶宏麟、洪嘉瑜(2012)。補習對考大學真的有用嗎？。經濟論文叢刊，40(1)，73-118。
   連結：
5. Angrist, J. D.,Lavy, V.(1999).Using Maimonides' rule to estimate the effect of class size scholastic achievement.Quarterly Journal of Economics,114(2),533-575.
6. Betts, J. R.,Morell, D.(1999).The determinants of undergraduate grade point average: The relative importance of family background, high school resources, and peer group effects.Journal of Human Resources,34(2),268-293.
7. Black, S. E.,Devereux, P. J.,Salvanes, K. G.(2007).From the cradle to the labor market? The effect of birth weight on adult outcomes.Quarterly Journal of Economics,122(1),409-439.
8. Card, D.,Krueger, A. B.(1992).Does school quality matter? Returns to education and characteristics of public schools in the United States.Journal of Political Economy,100(1),1-40.
9. Ding, W.,Lehrer, S. F.(2007).Do peers affect student achievement in China's secondary schools?.Review of Economics and Statistics,89(2),300-312.
10. Goldhaber, D. D.,Brewer, D. J.(1997).Why don't schools and teachers seem to matter? Assessing the impact of unobservables on educational Productivity.Journal of Human Resources,32(3),505-523.
11. Haile, G. A.,Nguyen, A. N.(2008).Determinants of academic attainment in the United States: A quantile regression analysis of test scores.Education Economics,16(1),29-57.
12. Hanushek, E. A.(1986).The economics of schooling: Production and efficiency in public schools.Journal of Economic Literature,24(3),1141-1177.
13. Hanushek, E. A.,Rivkin, S. G.,Taylor, L. L.(1996).Aggregation and the estimated effects of school resources.Review of Economics and Statistics,78(4),611-627.
14. Hedges, L. V.,Laine, R. D.,Greenwald, R.(1994).Does money matter? A mata-analysis of studies of the effects of differential school inputs on student outcomes.Educational Researcher,23(3),5-14.
15. Houtenville, A. J.,Conway, K. S.(2008).Parental effort, school resources, and student achievement.Journal of Human Resources,43(2),437-453.
16. Kane, T. J.,Rockoff, J. E.,Staiger, D. O.(2008).What does certification tell us about teacher effectiveness? Evidence from New York city.Economics of Education Review,27(6),615-631.
17. Khan, S. R.,Kiefer, D.(2007).Educational production functions for rural Pakistan: A comparative institutional analysis.Education Economics,15(3),327-342.
18. Krueger, A. B.(1999).Experimental estimates of education production functions.Quarterly Journal of Economics,114(2),497-532.
19. Newhouse, D.,Beegle, K.(2006).The effect of school type on academic achievement: Evidence from Indonesia.Journal of Human Resources,41(3),529-557.
20. Rivkin, S. G.,Hanushek, E. A.,Kain, J. E.(2005).Teachers, schools, and academic achievement.Econometrica,73(2),417-458.
21. Rockoff, J. E.(2004).The impact of individual teachers on student achievement: Evidence from panel data.American Economic Review,94(2),247-252.
22. Rothstein, J.(2010).Teacher quality in educational production: Tracking, decay, and student achievement.Quarterly Journal of Economics,125(1),175-214.
23. Todd, P. E.,Wolpin, K. I.(2003).On the specufucation and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement.Economic Journal,113(485),F3-33.
24. Wilson, K.(2001).The determinants of educational attainment: Modeling and estimating the human capital model and education production functions.Southern Economic Journal,67(3),518-551.
25. Wößmann, L.(2005).Educational production in Europe.Economic Policy,20(43),445-504.
26. 李敦仁、余民寧(2005)。社經地位、手足數目、家庭教育資源與教育成就結構模式之驗證：以TEPS資料庫資料為例。台灣教育社會學研究，5(2)，1-48。
27. 李敦義(2006)。補習有助於升學嗎？─分析補習、多元入學與教育取得間的關係。教育與心理研究，29(3)，489-516。
28. 孫清山、黃毅志(1996)。補習教育、文化資本與教育取得。台灣社會學刊，19，95-139。
29. 黃健倫(2008)。國立台灣大學經濟學研究所=Graduate Institute of Economics, National Taiwan University。
30. 廖年淼、劉孟珊(2004)。高中職教育資源投入之比較分析。教育政策論壇，7(1)，41-58。

1. 林忠樑、林佳慧(2014)。學校特徵與空間距離對周邊房價之影響分析─以台北市為例。經濟論文叢刊，42(2)，215-271。
2. 劉家樺(2019)。培養才藝對升大學的影響－以TYP樣本為例。經濟論文，47(4)，571-611。
3. (2019)。會考成績對就近入學影響之研究：多層次分析的取向。教育與心理研究，42(1)，39-69。