台灣高等教育政策調整對社會公平面的影響

The Equity Effects of Three Higher Education Policies in Taiwan

10.6277/TER.2013.414.4

張瀞云(Jing-Jun Chang)

聯考補習 ； 高等教育補貼 ； 所得不均度 ； 跨代流動 ； 逆所得分配 ； crammer for examination ； higher education subsidies ； income inequality ； intergenerational mobility ； reverse income distribution

經濟論文叢刊

41卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

443 - 484

繁體中文

本文嘗試探討台灣高等教育招生名額、教育補助和學費調整對社會公平面的影響。文中根據台灣高等教育體制的特殊性，設立一個公立大學招生名額有限且排名較私立大學為前的2期疊代模型。數值分析顯示：（1）擴張公、私立大學招生名額，雖利於非技術家庭小孩考上公、私立大學的跨代向上流動，並可改善低所得非技術家庭父母，繳稅補貼高所得技術家庭小孩受高等教育的跨代逆所得分配，但將擴大工資不均度和提高吉尼係數；（2）提高公、私立大學每一學生教育補助，將使公立大學生中，來自非技術家庭的比例微降，而工資不均度和吉尼係數則微幅上升；此時，增加公立大學教育補助，將加深跨代逆所得分配，而提高私立大學每一學生教育補助，則可減緩跨代逆所得分配；（3）提高公立大學學費，雖使非技術家庭小孩考上公立大學的機會略微下降，卻可相當幅度減緩跨代逆所得分配。藉此模擬結果，我們並對近期台灣高等教育的一些討論，補充解釋。

This paper attempts to discuss the equity effects of three higher education policies (education quotas, education subsidies and tuition fees adjustments) in Taiwan. We develop a two-period overlapping generational model where the education quota of the public university is limited and the quality of the public university is better than that of the private university. The simulations show that: (1) an increase in the education quota of the public/private university will raise intergenerational upward mobility and lessen the reverse income distribution, but at the same time will widen the wage inequality and increase the Gini coefficient; (2) an increase in the public education subsidies will raise (not decrease) the wage inequality and Gini coefficient; (3) an increase in the tuition fees of the public university will reduce the intergenerational upward mobility slightly, but will improve the reverse income distribution significantly.

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