考慮單調性與曲度於貝氏隨機方向距離函數以衡量生產效率

Imposing Monotonicity and Curvature Conditions on the Bayesian Stochastic Directional Distance Function to Measure Efficiencies

10.6277/TER.201906_47(2).0004

黃台心(Tai-Hsin Huang)；林嘉偉(Chia-Wei Lin)；胡聚男(Chu-Nan Hu)

貝氏方法 ； 方向距離函數 ； 非意欲產出 ； 單調性與曲度 ； Bayesian approach ； directional distance function ； undesirables ； monotonicity and curvature

經濟論文叢刊

47卷2期（2019 / 06 / 01）

273 - 320

繁體中文

本文以貝氏方法估計隨機方向距離函數，加入單調性與曲度等限制條件，並連結無效率項與環境變數。為突顯包含非意欲產出的方向距離函數之優點，本文同時估計產出面距離函數，並與方向距離函數之結果比較。實證分析資料為1970至2010年各國總體經濟變數，分別在有無加入限制條件與環境變數的設定下，估計兩種距離函數，從效率分數與技術進步率等角度，分析兩種函數的差異。發現產出面距離函數因忽略非意欲產出，傾向高估各國的技術效率與低估技術進步率；而同時加入限制條件與環境變數的方向距離函數，估計結果最為合理。

This paper applies the Bayesian approach to estimate the directional distance function (DDF) with the imposition of monotonicity and curvature, using national data covering 1970-2010. The inefficiency term is further specified as a function of several environmental variables. The salient feature of DDF is its ability to take undesirables into account. For the purpose of comparison we also estimate the output distance function. Evidence is found that the output distance function tends to overestimate the measure of technical efficiency and underestimate the rate of technical change. DDF that imposes monotonicity and curvature is found to be superior to the output distance function in terms of estimated efficiency scores and the rate of technical progress.

1. Assaf, A. George,Matousek, Roman,Tsionas, Efthymios G.(2013).Turkish Bank Efficiency: Bayesian Estimation With Undesirable Outputs.Journal of Banking and Finance,37(2),506-517.
2. Atkinson, Scott E.,Dorfman, Jeffrey H.(2005).Bayesian Measurement of Productivity and Efficiency in the Presence of Undesirable Outputs: Crediting Electric Utilities for Reducing air Pollution.Journal of Econometrics,126(2),445-468.
3. Barro, Robert,Lee, Jong-Wha(2013).A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010.Journal of Development Economics,104,184-198.
4. Battese, George Edward,Coelli, Tim J.(1995).A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in A Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data.Empirical Economics,20(2),325-332.
5. Battese, George Edward,Coelli, Tim J.(1988).Prediction of Firm-Level Technical Efficiencies With A Generalized Frontier Production Function and Panel Data.Journal of Econometrics,38(3),387-399.
6. Boyd, Gale A.,Tolley, George,Pang, Joseph(2002).Plant Level Productivity, Efficiency, and Environmental Performance of the Container Glass Industry.Environmental and Resource Economics,23(1),29-43.
7. Breheny, Patrick (2016), “MCMC Methods: Gibbs and Metropolis,” URL: http://web.as.uky.edu/statistics/users/pbreheny/701/S13/notes/2-28.pdf
8. Broeck, Julien van den,Koop, Gary,Osiewalski, Jacek,Steel, Mark F. J.(1994).Stochastic Frontier Models: A Bayesian Perspective.Journal of Econometrics,61(2),273-303.
9. Chambers, Robert G.(2002).Exact Nonradial Input, Output, and Productivity Measurement.Economic Theory,20(4),751-765.
10. Chung, Yangho H.,Färe, Rolf,Grosskopf, Shawna(1997).Productivity and Undesirable Outputs: A Directional Distance Function Approach.Journal of Environmental Management,51(3),229-240.
11. Färe, Rolf,Grosskopf, Shawna,Noh, Dong-Woon,Weber, William(2005).Characteristics of A Polluting Technology.Journal of Econometrics,126(2),469-492.
12. Feng, Guohua,Serletis, Apostolos(2010).A Primal Divisia Technical Change Index Based on the Output Distance Function.Journal of Econometrics,159(2),320-330.
13. Feng, Guohua,Serletis, Apostolos(2014).Undesirable Outputs and A Primal Divisia Productivity Index Based on the Directional Output Distance Function.Journal of Econometrics,183(1),135-146.
14. Feng, Guohua,Zhang, Xiaohui(2012).Productivity and Efficiency At Large and Community Banks in the US: A Bayesian True Random Effects Stochastic Distance Frontier Analysis.Journal of Banking and Finance,36(7),1883-1895.
15. Fernández, Carmen,Koop, Gary,Steel, Mark F. J.(2000).A Bayesian Analysis of Multiple-Output Production Frontiers.Journal of Econometrics,98(1),47-79.
16. Fernández, Carmen,Koop, Gary,Steel, Mark F. J.(2002).Multiple Output Production With Undesirable Outputs: An Application to Nitrogen Surplus in Agriculture.Journal of the American Statistical Association,97(458),432-442.
17. Fernández, Carmen,Osiewalski, Jacek,Steel, Mark F. J.(1997).On the Use of Panel Data in Stochastic Frontier Models With Improper Priors.Journal of Econometrics,79(1),169-193.
18. Griffin, Jim E.,Steel, Mark F. J.(2007).Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using WinBUGS.Journal of Productivity Analysis,27(3),163-176.
19. Griffiths, William E.,O’Donnell, Christopher J.,Cruz, Agustina Tan(2000).Imposing Regularity Conditions on A System of Cost and Factor Share Equations.Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics,44(1),107-127.
20. Huang, Clief J.,Liu, Jin-Tan(1994).Estimation of A Non-Neutral Stochastic Frontier Production Function.Journal of Productivity Analysis,5(2),171-180.
21. Huang, Tai-Hsin(2005).A Study on the Productivities of IT Capital and Computer Labor: Firm-Level Evidence From Taiwan's Banking Industry.Journal of Productivity Analysis,24(3),241-257.
22. Koop, Gary,Osiewalski, Jacek,Steel, Mark F. J.(1997).Bayesian Efficiency Analysis Through Individual Effects: Hospital Cost Frontiers.Journal of Econometrics,76(1/2),77-105.
23. Lee, Jeong-Dong,Park, Jong-Bok,Kim, Tai-Yoo(2002).Estimation of the Shadow Prices of Pollutants With Production/Environment Inefficiency Taken Into Account: A Nonparametric Directional Distance Function Approach.Journal of Environmental Management,64(4),365-375.
24. Lin, Erwin T. J.,Lan, Lawrence W.(2010).Measuring Firm-Specific Efficiencies With Bayesian Stochastic Distance Function.2010 International Conference on Asia Pacific Business Innovation and Technology Management
25. Morey, Edward R.(1986).An Introduction to Checking, Testing, and Imposing Curvature Properties: The True Function and the Estimated Function.Canadian Journal of Economics,19(2),207-235.
26. O’Donnell, Christopher J.,Coelli, Timothy J.(2005).A Bayesian Approach to Imposing Curvature on Distance Functions.Journal of Econometrics,126(2),493-523.
27. Psacharopoulos, George(1994).Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update.World development,22(9),1325-1343.
28. Stokey, Nancy L.(1991).The Volume and Composition of Trade Between Rich and Poor Countries.Review of Economic Studies,58(1),63-80.
29. Terrell, Dek(1996).Incorporating Monotonicity and Concavity Conditions in Flexible Functional Forms.Journal of Applied Econometrics,11(2),179-194.
30. Young, Alwyn(1991).Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade.Quarterly Journal of Economics,106(2),369-405.

1. Yi-Huang Chiu,Yi-Chun Lin,Wen-Cheng Hu,Tai-Hsin Huang(2023).The Effects of Banks' CSR Activities on Economic Efficiency.財務金融學刊,31(1),31-75.