姓名筆劃數吉凶與運勢

Luck of Chinese Name Strokes and Fate

10.6277/TER.201909_47(3).0004

陶宏麟(Hung-Lin Tao)

姓名筆劃 ； 術數 ； 自我實踐 ； 教育 ； 快樂 ； chinese name stroke ； occult ； self-fulfilling ； education ； happiness

經濟論文叢刊

47卷3期（2019 / 09 / 01）

455 - 502

繁體中文

本文採用2014年「華人家庭動態資料庫」，發現台灣人在命名前採用姓名筆劃術數已越來越普遍。教育程度越高，採用姓名筆劃術數比例越高，要到父母教育程度大學及以上，採用的比例才會下降。如果以快樂、主觀健康、婚姻狀況、受教育年數、所得代表運勢，這些運勢都與隨機姓名筆劃的總格吉凶無關，前三項運勢也與算過筆劃與否無關，教育年數與吉祥姓名筆劃雖正相關，但在控制算過與父母對子女教育投資（遷過戶口與國中有補習）則無關，顯示父母的自我實踐。所得只有在不考慮教育時，才與算過筆劃與否有關，顯示算過與否是透過教育與所得相關。

Using the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) 2014, this study finds that more and more young Taiwanese believe in the occult nature of the number of strokes in Chinese characters. Education does not reduce this belief. Unless individual's educational attainment is higher than or equal to a college degree, education actually encourages the belief. Using happiness, health status, marital status, educational attainment, and income to represent fate, one's fate is not associated with the number of strokes in one's Chinese name. The former three types of fate are not correlated with the number of Chinese name strokes. Educational attainment is positively associated with the degree of luck in the number of Chinese name strokes. This relation disappears, however when the manipulation of Chinese name strokes and parents' investment in children are controlled, indicating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Income is correlated with lucky number of strokes only when education is dropped, suggesting that the number of strokes is correlated with income through education.

1. 范雲, Yun,張晉芬, Chin-Fen(2010)。再探台灣高等教育成就的省籍差異。台灣社會研究季刊，79，259-290。
   連結：
2. 郭貞, Cheng(2005)。影響網路算命行爲因素與動機之探討 : 找尋網路算命行爲之動力心理模式。新聞學研究，85，141-182。
   連結：
3. 郭貞, Cheng(2005)。影響網路算命行爲因素與動機之探討 : 找尋網路算命行爲之動力心理模式。新聞學研究，85，141-182。
   連結：
4. 陳婉琪, Wan-Chi(2005)。族群 、 性別 、 與階級 : 再探教育成就的省籍差異。台灣社會學，10，1-40。
   連結：
5. 駱明慶, Ming-ching(2001)。教育成就的省籍與性別差異。經濟論文叢刊，29(2)，117-152。
   連結：
6. 駱明慶, Ming-ching(2002)。誰是台大學生 ? －性別 、 省籍與城鄉差距。經濟論文叢刊，30(1)，113-147。
   連結：
7. Agrawal, Anu,Tandon, Kishor(1994).Anomalies or Illusions?: Evidence from Stock Markets in Eighteen Countries.Journal of International Money and Finance,13(1),83-106.
8. Alesina, Alberto,Tella, Rafael Di,MacCulloch, Robert(2004).Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?.Journal of Public Economics,88(9–10),2009-2042.
9. Bhattacharya, Utpal,Kuo, Wei-Yu,Lin, Tse-Chun,Zhao, Jing(2017).Do Superstitious Traders Lose Money?.Managenment Science,64(8)
10. Blanchflower, David G.,Oswald, Andrew J.(2004).Well-Being over time in Britain and the USA.Journal of Public Economics,88(7–8),1359-1386.
11. Bound, John,Turner, Sarah(2007).Cohort Crowding: How Resources Affect Collegiate Attainment.Journal of Public Economics,91(5-6),877-899.
12. Caju, Philip D. U.,Lamo, Ana,Poelhekke, Steven,Kátay, Gábor,Nicolitsas, Daphne(2010).Inter-Industry wage Differentials in EU Countries: What Do Cross Country Time Varying Data Add to the Oicture?.Journal of the European Economic Association,8(2–3),478-486.
13. Carruth, Alan,Collier, William,Dickerson, Andy(2004).Inter-Industry Wage Differences and Individual Heterogeneity.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics,66(5),811-846.
14. Case, Trevor I.,Fitness, Julie,Cairns, David R.,Stevenson, Richard J.(2004).Coping with Uncertainty: Superstitious Strategies and Secondary Control.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,34(4),848-871.
15. CC Fortin, Nicole M.,Hill, Andrew J.,Huang, Jeff(2014).Superstition in the Housing Market.Economic Inquiry,52(3),974-993.
16. Chamberlain, Trevor W.,Cheung, C. Sherman,Kwan, Clarence C. Y.(1991).The Friday the Thirteenth Effect: Myth or Reality?.Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics,30(2),111-117.
17. Clark, Andrew E.,Frijters, Paul,Shields, Michael A.(2008).Relative Income, Happiness, and Utility: An Explanation for the Easterlin Paradox and Other Puzzles.Journal of Economic Literature,46(1),95-144.
18. Coutts, Andrew J.,Hayes, Peter A.(2002).The Weekend Effect, the Stock Exchange Account and the Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Shares Index: 1987–1994.Applied Financial Economics,9(1),67-71.
19. Coutts, J. Andrew(1999).Friday the Thirteenth and the Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Shares Index 1935–94.Applied Economics Letters,6(1),35-37.
20. David S.,Dweck, Carol S.(2012).Mindsets That Promote ReYeager, silience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed.Educational Psychologist,47(4),302-314.
21. Di Tella, Rafael,MacCulloch, Robert J.,Oswald, Andrew J.(2003).The Macroeconomics of Happiness.Review of Economics and Statistics,85(4),809-827.
22. Di Tella, Rafael,MacCulloch, Robert J.,Oswald, Andrew J.(2001).Preferences over Inflation and Unemployment: Evidence From Surveys of Happiness.American Economic Review,91(1),335-341.
23. Dweck, Carol S.(2006).Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.New York:Random House.
24. Dyl, Edward A.,Maberly, Edwin D.(1988).The Anomaly That Isn't There: A Comment on Friday the Thirteenth.Journal of Finance,43(5),1285-1286.
25. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A.,Frijters, Paul(2004).How Important is Methodology for the Estimates of the Determinants of Happiness?.Economic Journal,114(497),641-659.
26. Fidrmuc, Jan,de Dios Tena, Juan(2015).Friday the 13th: The Empirics of Bad Luck.Kyklos,68(3),317-334.
27. Frey, Bruno S.,Alois, Stutzer(2002).Happiness and Economics.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
28. Goodkind, Daniel(1996).Chinese Lunar Birth Timing in Singapore: New Concerns for Child Quality Amidst Multicultural Modernity.Journal of Marriage and the Family,58(3),784-795.
29. Goodkind, Daniel M.(1991).Creating New Traditions in Modern Chinese Populations: Aiming for Birth in the Year of the Dragon.Population and Development Review,17(4),663-686.
30. Guilmoto, Christophe Z.(2009).The sex Ratio Transition in Asia.Population and Development Review,35(3),519-549.
31. Hirshleifer, David,Jian, Ming,Zhang, Huai(2016).Superstition and Financial Decision Making.Management Science,64(1)
32. Johnson, Noel D.,Nye, John V. C.(2011).Does Fortune Favor Dragons?.Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,78(1–2),85-97.
33. Kolb, Robert W.,Rodriguez, Ricardo J.(1987).Friday the Thirteenth: Part VII'-A Note.Journal of Finance,42(5),1385-1387.
34. Layard, Richard(2005).Happiness: Lessons from a New Science.New York:Penguin Press.
35. Lo, Bruce M.,Visintainer, Catherine M.,Best, Heidi A.,Beydoun, Hind A.(2012).Answering the Myth: Use of Emergency Services on Friday the 13th.American Journal of Emergency Medicine,30(6),886-889.
36. Lucas, Richard E.(2007).Adaptation and the Set-Point Model of Subjective Well-Being Does Happiness Change After Major Life Events?.Current Directions in Psychological Science,16(2),75-79.
37. Lucey, Brian M.(2001).Friday the 13th: International Evidence.Applied Economics Letters,8(9),577-579.
38. Mincer, Jacob(1974).Schooling, Experience, and Earnings.New York:National Bureau of Economic Research.
39. Näyhä, Simo(2002).Traffic Deaths and Superstition on Friday the 13th.American Journal of Psychiatry,159(12),2110-2111.
40. Radun, Igor,Summala, Heikki(2004).Females Do Not Have More Injury Road Accidents on Friday the 13th.BMC Public Health,4(54),1-4.
41. Schuld, Jochen,Slotta, Jan E.,Schuld, Simone,Kollmar, Otto,Schilling, Martin K.,Richter, Sven(2011).Popular Belief Meets Surgical Reality: Impact of Lunar Phases, Friday the 13th and Zodiac Signs on Emergency Operations and Intraoperative Blood Loss.World Journal of Surgery,35(9),1945-1949.
42. Senbet, Dawit,Huang, Wei-Chiao(2012).Do Dragons Have Better Fate? Revisted Using the US Data.International Journal of Economics and Research,3(5),101-118.
43. Shum, Matthew,Sun, Wei,Ye, Guangliang(2014).Superstition and "lucky" Apartments: Evidence From Transaction-Level.Journal of Comparative Economіcs,42(1),109-117.
44. Torgler, Benno(2007).Determinants of Superstition.Journal of Socio-Economics,36(5),713-733.
45. Tsang, Eric W. K.(2004).Superstition and Decision-Making: Contradiction or Complement?.Academy of Management Executive,18(4),92-104.
46. Wong, Ka-Fu,Yung, Linda(2005).Do Dragons Have Better Fate?.Есonomic Inguiry,43(3),689-697.
47. Yip, Paul S.,Lee, Joseph,Cheung, Yin Bun(2002).The Influence of the Chinese Zodiac on Fertility in Hong Kong SAR.Social Science and Medicine,55(10),1803-1812.
48. 小孔明=Little Confucius(2012).姓名學教你辨凶吉.台南=Tainan:世一文化=ACME Books.
49. 內政部 ( 2014 ) , 《 全國姓名統計分析 》 , 台北 : 內政部出版 。 ( Ministry of the Interior (2014), The Statistical Analysis of the National Anthroponymy, Taipei: Ministry of the Interior Press.)
50. 王博仕, Bo-Shih,王艦, Chien(2015).雙正宗算命姓名學.台北=Taipei:知青頻道=Chih-Ching Chanel.
51. 何榮柱, Jung-Chu(2013).姓名學教科書.新北市=New Taipei City:雅書堂文化=Elegantbooks.
52. 吳乃德, Nai - Teh(2013)。高等教育成就的族群差異 : 學費補貼 , 職業情境 , 與世代差異。臺灣社會學刊，52，1-30。
53. 李丞貴, Cheng-Kuei(2014).姓名學.香港=Hong Kong:香港普賢出版社=Hong Kong Pu Xian Press.
54. 李維特, S. D.,杜伯納, S. J.,Li, Ming(trans.)(2006).蘋果橘子經濟學.台北=Taipei:大塊文化=Locus Publishing.
55. 林煒能, Wei-Neng(2012).姓名學入門－每個人都該懂一點姓名學.台北=Taipei:知青頻道=Chih-Ching Chanel.
56. 施寄青, Chi-Ching,陳燁, Yeh(1997).上帝也算命.台北=Taipei:張老師文化=Teacher Chang Culture Press.
57. 郭讓舜, Jang-Shun(2000).中國人的姓名 : 姓名的由來和名字的取法.安徽=Anhui:人民出版社=People's Publishing House.
58. 陳云根, Yun-Ken(1989).術數批判.香港=Hong Kong:天地圖書有限公司=Cosmos Books.
59. 陳哲毅, Che-I(2007).大師教你學姓名學.台北=Taipei:知青頻道=Chih-Ching Chanel.
60. 陳添賜, Tien-Ssu(2010).命名擂台.新北市=New Taipei, City:商流文化=Shang-Liu Culture Press.
61. 游競翔, Ching-Hsiang(2012).姓名學解碼.台南=Tainan:大正出版社=Ta-Cheng Press.
62. 黃臺珠, Tai-Chu(2015)。,高雄=Kaohsiung:國立中山大學通識教育中心公民素養推動研究中心=Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University。
63. 楊智宇, Chih-Yu(2014).這本姓名學最好用.新北市=New Taipei City:智林文化=Chih-Lin Culture Press.
64. 蔡璧全, Pi-Chuan(2004).姓名學開運法.台南=Tainan:大孚書局=Ta-Fu Book Store.
65. 駱明慶, Ming - ching(2005)。國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告,國家科學委員會=National Science Council。
66. 瞿海源, Hei-Yuan(1999)。術數流行與社會變遷。臺灣社會學刊，22，1-45。

1. 黃冠儒,張仁和,林義宏(2023)。命運信念、社會階層與心理健康：台灣社會變遷基本調查之分析。中華心理學刊，65(2)，109-126。