How Do Multiple Roles Affect Young and Middle-Aged Women's Health? The Impacts of Employment and Family Roles

就業型態與家庭角色對台灣青年與中年女性自評健康的影響

10.6191/jps.2009.2

范綱華(Gang-Hua Fan)；W. Parker Frisbie

健康 ； 多重角色 ； 工作 ； 家庭 ； health ； multiple roles ； employment ； family

人口學刊

38期（2009 / 06 / 01）

33 - 65

英文

本文以2002年的台灣社會變遷基本調查中年齡為18至64歲的896位女性受訪者為分析樣本，探討多重角色與台灣青年和中年女性健康狀況之間的關聯。根據角色替代假設(the Role Substitution Hypothesis)、角色互補假設(the Role Complementation Hypothesis)、以及角色組合緊張假設(the Role Combination Strain Hypothesis)所揭示的理論觀點，我們檢視了婚姻、就業、育有子女、與長輩同住這四個變項的特定組合對女性健康所產生的交互作用。同時，為了檢測婦女在不同生命階段的社會角色和健康之間的關聯，以及年齡和其家庭與工作角色內涵的相互作用對健康的影響，我們分別對青年和中年婦女的受訪資料做統計分析。結果顯示，特定社會角色會對身處特定生命階段女性的健康狀況有較為顯著的影響。對青年婦女而言，已婚或與長輩同住與其自評健康呈正相關；而對中年婦女而言，育有子女與其自評健康有正向關聯。這兩項發現顯示代間關係對台灣婦女健康的可能重要影響。分析也指出，就業和母職這兩個角色之間對健康的互補作用，在中年婦女身上較為顯著。整體而言，多重角色對台灣婦女自評健康的影響，會隨其年齡、家庭角色內涵、以及就業型態不同而有差異。因此本文強調，若要釐清社會角色與婦女健康之間的複雜關係，必須審慎檢視女性所擔負的角色內容特質。

Using a national representative sample of Taiwanese women age 18 to 64 (n=896) from the Taiwan Social Change Survey conducted in 2002, this study investigates the health effects of multiple roles on health for young and middle-aged women. In light of the Role Substitution Hypothesis, the Role Complementation Hypothesis, and the Role Combination Strain Hypothesis, certain interacting effects between marriage, employment, motherhood, and filial role are examined. Statistical analyses are performed separately for young and middle-aged women to examine the association between social roles occupied and health outcomes as well as interactions between age and the nature of work and family roles on health. Results show that certain social roles are more relevant to health status for women at specific stages of the life course. When marriage and filial role are associated with better perceived health for young women, motherhood is more beneficial in perceived health for middle-aged women. These findings imply that intergenerational relationships are strongly associated with Taiwanese women's perceived health status. In addition, complementary health effects between employment and motherhood are found among middle-aged women. Analyses of this study suggest that the impacts of multiple roles on health are subjected to change according to women's age, the nature of family roles, and the type of employment. Considering the overall results, we emphasize that in order to delineate the complicated relationships between social roles and women's health, more specific characteristics of roles occupied by women need to be taken into account.

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