Young Global Talents on the Move: Taiwanese in Singapore and Hong Kong

全球青年人才的移動：以在新加坡與香港的臺灣人為例

10.6191/JPS.2014.49.03

姜蘭虹(Nora Lan-Hung Chiang)；黃佳媛(Chia-Yuan Huang)

全球青年人才 ； 年輕移民 ； 再遷移 ； 新加坡 ； 香港 ； young global talent ； youth migration ； re-migrant ； Singapore ； Hong Kong

人口學刊

49期（2014 / 12 / 01）

69 - 117

英文

本文所探討的是工作、求學、或家庭因素遷移到新加坡及香港的臺灣年輕人。以2011-2014年在新加坡、香港及臺灣所進行的40個深度訪談為基礎，進一步獲得對受訪者及當地環境的詳細資訊與深入瞭解。本文首先回顧年輕移民、青年人才、及從臺灣移出的1.5代移民的相關文獻，隨後，本文將新加坡與香港的臺灣年輕人依以下幾個重點分類，並且進行訪談分析：（1）遷移到新加坡或香港的原因、（2）移動類型與移動軌跡、（3）社會與文化適應、（4）返回臺灣的意願。除了更高的薪資與福利之外，新加坡與香港提供給他們的是一個與全球接軌的國際化環境與個人發展的舞臺。然而，居住在新加坡與香港也有一些缺點，例如：語言、氣候、文化差異、生活成本高、生活品質等。這群臺灣年輕人的流動不僅對新加坡與香港所競逐的全球人才有所貢獻，海外的經驗也有助於他們發展適應不同社會文化環境的能力。在這關鍵時刻，臺灣有關招募全球青年人才的政策，仍然處於岌岌可危的情況。我們迫切需要相關政策的制訂，為的是防止接受過良好教育的專業人才離開臺灣，並且透過更完善有效率的政策，吸引這群人才有意願返回臺灣。由於臺灣年輕人在移動上的暫時性質，臺灣政府可以開發這類人力資源，作為競逐全球人才的一種策略，並且作為人口政策與社會轉型的重要一環。

This paper studies young Taiwanese who migrated to Singapore and Hong Kong for work, study or family reasons. It is based mainly on 40 in-depth interviews conducted in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan in 2011-2014, thus obtaining narratives that contain detailed information to render nuanced understanding of the interviewees and the environment. The paper begins with a review of pertinent literature that includes youth migration and global talent, and the 1.5 generation migrants from Taiwan. It is followed by an analysis of major types of young Taiwanese in Singapore and Hong Kong with regard to: (1) their reasons for moving to Singapore or Hong Kong, (2) the types and trajectories of movement, (3) their social and cultural adaptation, and (4) prospects of returning to Taiwan. Apart from the higher pay and fringe benefits, both Singapore and Hong Kong provide them with a cosmopolitan environment for global pursuits to which their education applies. However, there are disadvantages of living in Singapore and Hong Kong, such as climate, social and cultural differences, high cost of living, and quality of life. Being highly educated, they have contributed to the pool of global talents that both states compete for, while gaining overseas experiences in enhancing their skills and exposure to new social and cultural environments. At this juncture, Taiwan's policy to recruit young global talents remains at stake, and the urgent need is to prevent its well educated professionals from leaving, as well as to attract them back with more vigorous and effective polices. Due to the impermanent nature of young Taiwanese on the move, Taiwan may want to tap this human resource as a strategy to compete for global talents, as a critical aspect of population policy and social transformation.

1. Chiang, L. H. N.(2009).Volunteering: A Path to Integration by Taiwanese Middle-Class Female Immigrants in Canada.Journal of Geographical Science,57,71-96.
   連結：
2. Chiang, L. H. N.,Liao, P. C. S.(2008).Back to Taiwan: Adaptation and Self-Identity of Young Taiwanese Return Migrants from Australia.Journal of Population Studies,36,99-135.
   連結：
3. O'Neil, K. 2003. “Brain Drain and Gain: The Case of Taiwan.” In Migration Policy Institute. http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/brain-drainand-gain-case-taiwan (Date visited: November 22, 2011).
4. Bartley, A.,Spoonley, P.(2008).Intergenerational Transnationalism: 1.5 Generation Asian Migrants in New Zealand.International Migration,46(4),63-84.
5. Beaverstock, J. V.,Hall, S.(2012).Competing for Talent: Global Mobility, Immigration and the City of London's Labour Market.Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society,5(2),271-287.
6. Chiang, L. H. N.(2008).'Astronaut Families': Transnational Lives of Middle-Class Taiwanese Married Women in Canada.Journal of Social and Cultural Geography,9(5),505-518.
7. Chiang, L. H. N.(2011).Return Migration: The Case of the 1.5 Generation of Taiwanese in Canada and New Zealand.The China Review,11(2),91-124.
8. Chiang, L. H. N.(2004).The Dynamics of Self-Employment and Ethnic Business Ownership Among Taiwanese in Australia.International Migration,42(2),153-173.
9. Chiang, L. H. N.,Hsu, J. C. R.(2005).Locational Decisions and Residential Preferences of Taiwanese Immigrants in Australia.GeoJournal,64(1),75-89.
10. Chiang, L. H. N.,Kuo, W. L.(2000).An Examination of the Employment Structure of Taiwanese Immigrants in Australia.Asian and Pacific Migration Journal,9(4),459-481.
11. Chiang, L. H. N.,Yang, C. H. S.(2008).Learning to Be Australian: Adaptation and Identity Formation of Young Taiwanese-Chinese Immigrants in Melbourne, Australia.Pacific Affairs,81(2),241-258.
12. Chiu, K. F.(ed.),Fell, D.(ed.),Lin, P.(ed.)(2014).Migration to and from Taiwan.New York:Routledge.
13. Conradson, D.,Latham, A.(2005).Friendship, Networks and Transnationality in a World City: Antipodean Transmigrants in London.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,31(2),287-305.
14. Conway, D.(ed.),Potter, R. B.(ed.)(2009).Return Migration of the Next Generations: 21st Century Transnational Mobility.Farnham, England:Ashgate.
15. Fong, E.(2012).Return Migration from Canada to Hong Kong.The China Review,12(1),25-43.
16. Fong, E.(ed.),Chiang, L. H. N.(ed.),Denton, N.(ed.)(2013).Immigrant Adaptation in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Canada, Taiwan, and the United States.New York:Routledge.
17. Frändberg, L.(2014).Temporary Transnational Youth Migration and Its Mobility Links.Mobilities,9(1),146-164.
18. Ho, E.,Bedford, R.(2008).Asian Transnational Families in New Zealand: Dynamics and Challenges.International Migration,46(4),42-62.
19. Huang, C. Y.(2013).Globalization and Taiwan's Professional and Skilled Immigration Policies.Annual Conference of Population Association of Taiwan,Taipei:
20. Hugo, G.(2008).In and Out of Australia: Rethinking Chinese and Indian Skilled Migration to Australia.Asian Population Studies,4(3),267-291.
21. Ip, D.,Hsu, R. J. C.(2006).Transnationalism and Gendered Identity: The Case of the 'One and a Half Generation' Taiwanese Migrants.Asian Studies Review,30(3),273-288.
22. Laoire, C. N.,White, A.,Tyrrell, N.,Carpena-Mendez, F.(2012).Children and Young People on the Move: Geographies of Child and Youth Migration.Geography,97,129-134.
23. Ley, D.(2010).Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines.Chichester, UK:Blackwell.
24. Ley, D.,Kobayashi, A.(2005).Back to Hong Kong: Return Migration or Transnational Sojourn?.Global Networks,5(2),111-127.
25. Park, K.(1999).'I Really Do Feel I'm 1.5!': The Construction of Self and Community by Young Korean Americans.Amerasia Journal,25(1),139-163.
26. Rumbaut, R. G.(1994).The Crucible Within: Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem and Segmented Assimilation Among Children of Immigrants.International Migration Review,28(4),748-794.
27. Simpson, K.(2005).Dropping Out or Signing Up? The Professionalisation of Youth Travel.Antipode,37(3),447-469.
28. United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs(2014).,New York:.
29. Weeks, J. R.(2012).An Introduction to Population.Belmont, CA:Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
30. Yeoh, B. S. A.,Lai, A. E.(2008).Guest Editors' Introduction: 'Talent' Migration In and Out of Asia: Challenges for Policies and Places.Asian Population Studies,4(3),235-245.

1. 黃子健、姜蘭虹(2016)。全球城市的生活挑戰與機遇：以臺灣青年人才遷移香港為例。中國地理學會會刊，56，45-66。
2. 姜蘭虹(2020)。Early Taiwanese-Chinese Immigrants in Hong Kong: Social and Cultural Adaptation。人口學刊，60，95-143。