植物油抑制植物病原真菌胞子發芽之效果

Inhibitory Effect of Plant Oils on Spore Germination of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

10.6957/RBHDAIS.199606.0063

陳哲民(Che-Min Chen)

真菌 ； 胞子 ； 發芽 ； 植物油 ； 肉桂油 ； 丁香油 ； 香茅油 ； 茴香油 ； 大蒜油 ； 薑油 ； 薄荷油 ； 蓖麻油 ； 松油 ； 芥子油 ； 丁香酚 ； 香葉醇 ； 混合油 ； 乾燥處理 ； Fungus ； Spore ； Germination ； Plant essential oil cinnamon oil ； clove oil ； Lemongrass oil ； Cumin oil ； Garlic oil ； Ginger oil ； Mentha oil ； Castor oil ； Pine oil ； Mustard oil ； Eugenol ； Geraniol ； Oil combination ； Dryness

花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報

12期（1996 / 06 / 01）

63 - 83

繁體中文

供試植物油有肉桂油、丁香油、香茅油、茴香油、大蒜油、薑油、薄荷油、蓖麻油、松油、芥子油等10種，供試真菌則包括蔥紫斑病菌等17屬28種，結果肉桂油對所有供試真菌均具高抑制效果，丁香油除對菠菜褐斑病菌、茼蒿圓星病菌、芹菜黑斑病菌等三種尾胞霉無效外，對其他供試菌均具高抑制效果。香茅油對草苺灰黴病菌、番茄白粉病菌、大豆銹菌、菠菜露菌及菜豆銹菌具高抑制效果。茴香油對菠菜炭疽病菌、胡瓜白粉病菌、番茄白粉病菌、大豆銹菌、甘藍黑腳病菌、菠菜露菌及菜豆銹菌具高抑制效果。大蒜油對山藥葉斑病菌及菠菜炭疽病菌具高抑制效果、薑油對番茄早疫病菌、大豆銹菌、菠菜露菌及菜豆銹菌具高抑制效果。薄荷油對菠菜輪紋病菌、落花生黑澀病菌、大豆銹菌及菜豆銹菌具高抑制效果。蓖麻油對番茄早疫病菌具高抑制效果。松油對菠菜輪紋病菌、番茄早疫病菌、草莓灰黴病菌、茼蒿圓星病菌、胡瓜白粉病菌、大豆銹菌及菜豆銹菌具高抑制效果。芥子油對落花生黑澀病菌、胡瓜炭疽病菌及大豆銹菌具高抑制效果。另探討對丁香油與肉桂油有效抑制濃度，結果丁香油2500ppm對供試15屬25種真菌具高抑制效果，肉桂油1,000ppm對供試11屬21種真菌具高抑制效果。丁香油與肉桂油混合試驗結果對蔥紫斑病菌的抑制具協力作用，對辣椒炭疽病菌及玉米普通型銹菌之抑制則無協力作用。丁香酚1,000ppm，香葉醇500ppm可有效抑制蔥紫斑病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌及玉米普通型銹菌。胞子經濕潤後乾燥處理對蔥紫斑病菌無顯著效果，對辣椒炭疽病菌及玉米普通型銹菌則有顯著抑制發芽的效果。乾燥後再以肉桂油處理可顯著降低肉桂油對真菌胞子發芽的有效抑制濃度。

Ten kinds of plant essential oils including cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, cumin, garlic, ginger, mentha, castor, pine and mustard oil were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on spore germination of 17 genera, 28 species of plant pathogenic fungi. Results indicated the cinnamon oil had high inhibitory effect on all tested fungi, the clove oil only failed to inhibit the spore germination of Cercospora apii, C. beticola, and C. longissima. Lemongrass oil showed high inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea, Oidiopsis taurica, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phoma lingam, Peronospora effusa and Uromyces phaeoli, Garlic exhibited high inhibitoy effect on Colletotrichum spinaciae and Cercospora sp. from yam leaves. Ginger oil was highly inhibitory to Alternaria solani, P. pachyrhizi, P. effusa and U. phaseoli. Mentha oil strongly inhibited the spore germination of Alternaria spinaciae, Cercospora personata, P. pachyrhizi and U. phaseoli. Castor oil only inhibited the A. solani. Pine oil showed high inhibitory effect on A. spinaciae, A. solani, B. cinerea, C. longissima, Erysiphe cichorocearum, P. pachyrhizi and U. phaseoli. Mustard oil was inhibitory to C. personata, Colletotrichum lagenarium and P. pachyrizi. The concentration which gave high inhibitory effect found to be 2,500 ppm for clove oil, and 1,000ppm for cinnamon oil. The combination of clove and cinnamon oil showed synergistic effect on Alternaria porri, but not on colletotrichum capsici and Puccinia sorghi. Eugenol 1,000 ppm and geraniol inhibited spore germination of the 3 species fungi mentioned above. Dryness after wetting had no effect on the spore germination of A. porri, but had strong inhibitory effect on C. capsici and P. sorghi. The pretreatment of dryness can promoted the inhibitory effect of cinnamon oil greatly.

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