蘭陽地區設施蔬菜病害調查及防治

Investigation of Vegetable Diseases in Pipehouse and Their Control in I-Lan

10.6957/RBHDAIS.199606.0095

呂文通(Wen-Tong Leu)；林慶元(Ching-Yuan Lin)；洪汝煌(Ju-Huang Hung)

葉菜 ； 蔬菜病害 ； 設施栽培 ； 非農藥 ； 病害防治 ； Leafy Vegetables ； Vegetable diseases ； Pipehouse ； Non-chemical disease control

花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報

12期（1996 / 06 / 01）

95 - 102

繁體中文

本計畫目的，在於瞭解在蘭陽地區之氣候環境下，對設施內栽培短期葉菜類週年發生病害情形，並探討以非農藥方法防治之可行性。栽培蔬菜種類以莧菜、白菜、萵苣、菠菜、芹菜為主。病害調查結果，莧菜有白銹病、炭疽病、莖腐病等，莧菜白銹病全年均可發生，惟罹病度不高，在0.2～3.1%之間，莧菜炭疽病發生於7～1月間，罹病度在0.9～2.1%之間，莧菜莖腐病於11～12月發生，罹病度為15.2～8.4%。白菜方面有軟腐病，全生育期均有發生，其罹病度在1.1～3.1%之間，萵苣方面亦僅有軟腐病，僅發生於11～1月，而2～4月之栽培期並未發生，罹病度為1.8～2.6%之間，菠菜猝倒病則於11～2月之全生育期發生，但以11～12月發生較嚴重，罹病度達23.0～31.7%，1～2月發病較輕，罹病度為0.8～1.2%，至於芹菜，有黃萎病，亦從11～4月全生育期均有發生，但其發病則由11月至4月漸趨減輕，罹病度為5.7～1.0%。各種葉菜類均有幼苗枯死發生，主要係Rhizoctonia sp.所引起而枯死，其全年或其全栽培期均有發生，其中以芹菜最嚴重，其罹病度在15.3～34.5%之間。在病害防治之探討，本計畫試以莧菜田間殘株清除與非連作（即輪作）方式以期減輕病害發生，試驗結果，田間殘株清除區之莧菜白銹病及莖腐病之罹病度均較對照（殘株不清除區）減輕而有顯著差異，分別為3.1%與5.4%，以及3.6%與7.2%，又非連作區與連作區比較亦有同樣效果，分別為2.3%與5.6%（白銹病），以及5.8%與7.9%（莖腐病）。

The occurrences of Vegetable diseases in pipehouse of I-Lan area were surveyed and recorded, and nonchemical control of those diseases were also studied. The results showed that edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) was susceptible to white rust disease (Albugo sp.) whole year, the incidence rate was from 0.2% to 3.1%. Edible amaranth anthracnose was found in both Wun-Jye and Cherng-Shing areas, and the incidence rates were 0.9% to 2.1%, the incidence rate of stem rot disease (Pythium sp.) were 15.2% on November and 8.4% on December. The occurrence percentage of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) damping off disease (Pythium sp.) was decreased gradually from 23.0% on November 1994 to 0.8% on Feburary 1995. The other diseases, such as celery yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.), lettuce soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) and Chinese white cabbage soft rot (Erwinia sp.) were ocurred lightly.The seedling wilt disease was caused by Rhizoctonia sp. The results of this study showed that seedling wilt disease was found through the year. The occurrence percentage in celery was 15.3% to 34.5%. The other seedling wilt diseases had ocurred lightly.The randomized complete block design was used in disease control experiment with two treatments and four replications. One of the treatments was cleaning stubble before sowing, the other was non-cleaning stubble as the check. The result showed that cleaning stubble treatment with incidence of white rust disease was 3.1% whereas the check was 5.4%. The occurrence percentage of stem rot disease on cleaning stubble treatment was 3.6% compare with the check 7.2%, and cleaning stubble treatment could also increase the yield by 4.9%. On comparison of successional cropping (check) and non-successional cropping of edible amaranth, the incidences of white rust disease were 5.6% to 2.3%. Respective values for stem rot disease were 7.9% to 5.8%. The yield of non-successional cropping was 3.7% higher than the successional cropping.