以工業發展的角度探討影響未登記工廠分布之區域特徵因素－以台南市為例

Exploration of Regional Characteristics Affecting the Distribution of Unregistered Factories from the Perspective of the Industrial Development: A Case Study of Tainan

陳建彰；胡太山；潘思錡

未登記工廠 ； 制度因素 ； 市場因素 ； 二元羅吉斯迴歸 ； 資料平衡 ； Unregistered factories ； Institutional factors ； Market factors ； Logistic regression ； Balanced data

規劃學報

40卷1/2期（2022 / 12 / 01）

27 - 53

英文

未登記工廠是台灣在工業快速發展下形成的特殊地景。在產業的生產結構中未登記工廠作為非正式經濟參與到正式生產過程中，替國家與地方帶來經濟的效益，同時也成為了台灣鄉村地區經濟推動的倡導者，改善了部分的城鄉發展差距與都市快速發展下的勞工就業壓力等問題。關於台灣未登記工廠的相關研究中，礙於其在空間分布上的隱蔽性與具有高度社會衝突的爭議性，都使得關於未登記工廠的研究無法全面的以空間量化的方式探究其在空間中分布之特性以及與周圍環境條件之關聯情形。有鑑於此，本研究透過近年來農業與工業資料的開放，配合其他土地利用調查等相關資料，彙整出台南市疑似未登記工廠之土地坵塊位置，結合地理資訊系統的應用，分析未登記工廠的空間分布形式與聚集熱區，透過空間疊圖等方式解析其分部發展與周圍環境特徵之關聯情形，並以「工業發展」的角度解釋此現象的發生源自於廠商對於生產區位要素成本、交通可及性、聚集效應、政策制度下交互考量後的結果，最終以農地工廠的方式表現於空間；接續透過二元羅吉斯迴歸模型的建構，了解不同區域特徵影響未登記工廠分布程度之差異，以此歸納出區域特徵與未登記工廠分布之關聯與主要之影響因素，研究過程中，因應未登記工廠作為土地利用中「稀有事件的表現」，因此，以過採樣與欠採樣混合之技術進行樣本之平衡。實證分析顯示，廠商之區位決策軌跡有別於過去側重在要素成本的論述，制度因素與聚集效應是影響違規行為發生的先決條件，要素成本則是作為分布結果的充分影響因素，此外交通基礎設施的構建仍然顯著的與未登記工廠分布相關，交通基礎設施的指向性與集中性，確實地影響了未登計工廠分布的方向性。據此，本研究指出制度因素下開發區域的劃設，將顯著的影響未登記工廠事件的發生。

Unregistered factories, established by fast industrial development, were a unique phenomenon in Taiwan. In the production structure of the industry, unregistered factories offered economic efficiency to the country and the region by participating in the economy unofficially to formal production processes. They also became advocates of the economy of rural areas in Taiwan, reducing urban-rural gaps and resolving the problem of labor employment in the cities. Regarding the studies about unregistered factories in Taiwan, the invisibility in spatial distribution and social controversy made it impossible to conduct a thorough investigation on unregistered factories through quantitative exploration of their spatial distribution and the relationship with the surrounding areas. Consequently, the study, integrating the open accesses about recent agriculture and industrial references along with surveys for land use, summarized the suspected locations for unregistered factories in Tainan. In addition, these potential unregistered factories were compiled with the geographic information system to analyze the spatial distribution and clusters of the factories. Overlay analysis was further incorporated to identify the correlation between the factory distribution and the characteristics of the surrounding areas. From the perspective of industrial development, the study interpreted that the phenomenon originated from the interaction among the cost of industrial location, transportation accessibility, cluster effect, and policies. Unregistered factories were eventually established on farmland. Later, the binary logistic regression model was selected to understand the effect of regional features on the distribution of unregistered factories. Factors that influenced the distribution of unregistered factories were, therefore, identified. In response to the unregistered factories as a rare event in land use, sample balance was conducted with a combination of oversampling and under sampling during the investigation. According to the empirical study, the location selection of factories was no longer focused on what was concerned significantly in the past, the cost. Instead, policy and cluster effect were the two prerequisite factors affecting the occurrence of violations. The cost then conspicuously influenced the distribution outcome under the premise of the impact of the two factors. Besides, transportation infrastructure was considerably associated with the distribution of unlisted factories. The directivity and concentration of transportation infrastructure affected the directionality of unregistered factories. Hence, the study indicated that planning for area development under policies remarkably influenced unregistered factories.

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