英文摘要
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Preferential treatment of or even exemption from taxes on farmland are used in many countries so as to incentivize farmland to continue farming. Farmland in Taiwan has since 1987 been exempted from a variety of taxes, including property taxes, transfer taxes and inheritance taxes given that farmland remains farming activities. Nevertheless, the lax enforcement of land use control combined with encroachment of urban areas have over the years put the prime farmland in danger. Since land use control and property tax are two major policy measures to affect land uses, we suggest the present wholesale type of tax exemption from farmland to be replaced by a differential property tax in which tax burden is associated with the use of farmland. To be more precise, farmland that continues farming shall be taxed lightly, or even tax exempted, and farmland partly occupied by buildings of nonfarming purposes shall be taxed heavier. Farmland use valuation is suggested to be the tax base of farmland tax for achieving the preferential treatment on farmland. In so doing, tax instrument is brought back to the policy toolkits that affect farmland uses. Simulation of the impact of changes in tax regime is undertaken for two counties in Taiwan, and the results turn out to be favorable. The findings are that farmland tax not only acts as a major source of local financing but also an effective policy tool of land use.
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