電子化政府會否提升民眾對政府的信任度？：基於中國之實證研究

Does E-government Matter for People's Trust in the Government?: Evidence from China

10.6635/cpar.2017.23(3).04

夏守智(Shou-Zhi Xia)

電子化政府 ； 民眾對政府信任度 ； 中國 ； E-government ； people's trust in the government ； China

中國行政評論

23卷3期（2017 / 09 / 01）

99 - 117

繁體中文

隨著電子化政府的發展，其對於促進民眾政府信任度的作用被不斷提及，不少實證研究亦印證這一觀點。由於政府工作效率低下、透明度不高、貪腐情況嚴重，人們對中國政府的觀感和信任度日趨惡化。近年來，藉助日益勃興的互聯網和資訊技術，中國政府大力推進電子化政府建設，以期提升政府效率和透明度，扭轉民眾對政府的觀感。但由於缺乏相關實證研究，對於電子化政府會否顯著提升民眾對中國政府的信任度這個問題，依舊莫衷一是。本研究利用問卷調查和量化分析，試圖解決之。概言之，研究有三點結論。首先，電子化政府的發展可明顯推動民眾對中國政府信任度的提升。其次，電子化政府不同構面對民眾政府信任度的影響有所差別，即開放數據對民眾政府信任度的影響不顯著；線上服務對民眾政府信任度的影響顯著，但其影響程度較低；而線上參與對民眾政府信任度的影響不僅顯著且程度較高。最後，本研究也提出相應建議以供參考。第一，繼續加大政府數據公開的深度和廣度。第二，提升線上服務的類型與質量，加大對微博、微信等社群媒體以及智慧型手機等硬體設備的運用，將其與政府線上服務緊密聯接，發揮這些軟、硬體設備靈活、快速、高效的功能與特質。第三，加大線上參與平台建設，讓民眾有參與公共事務的渠道。

With the development of E-government, its function of improving people's trust in governments has been emphasized time and time again, which also has been proved by many pieces of empirical research. People's attitudes toward the Chinese government is worse than before, and the level of their trust in the government is also falling, as the efficiency and transparency of the Chinese government is not very high, besides, the corruption is very serious. Recent years, the Chinese government emphasized the important of building E-government system with the help of Internet's and ICTs' rapid development. The main aim of the Chinese government is improving government's efficiency and transparency so that the level of people's trust in the government would be growth. While there is lacking enough empirical studies that test whether E-government's improvement can bring a higher level of people's trust in the Chinese government, which is the main aim of this study. Specifically, this study gains such conclusions. To begin with, the development of E-government can improve people's trust in the Chinese government significantly. In addition, the different aspects of E-government have different effects on people's trust in the government. To be more specific, open data has no significant effect on people's trust in the Chinese government, the influence of online service is significant while its level is not very high, meanwhile, E-participation can bring a higher level of people's trust in the Chinese government significantly and its level is high. In the end, this study tries to put forward some suggestions. First, the Chinese government should continue opening official data. Second, enriching the types and qualities of online service through using Weibo, Wechat, and smart phone. Third, the Chinese government also should emphasize the importance of E-participation and try to build the workable and powerful online platform for people's participation.

1. 黃東益、李仲彬(2010)。電子治理與民眾對政府信任：台灣的個案分析。行政暨政策學報，51，77-123。
   連結：
2. 問卷星網站，2017，〈「問卷星」背景及功能介紹〉，https://www.sojump.com/html/aboutus.aspx，检索日期：2017 年3 月16 日。
3. 新華網，2015，〈李克強對政府數據表態：盡最大可能公開〉，3 月7 日，http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2015-03/07/c_127553449.htm，检索日期：2017 年3 月16 日。
4. Banerjee, S.,Carlin, B. P.,Gelfand, A. E.(2014).Hierarchical Modeling and Analysisfor Spatial Data.Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press.
5. Bertot, J. C.,Jaeger, P. T.,Grimes, J. M.(2010).Using ICTs to Create a Culture ofTransparency: E-government and Social Media as Openness and Anti-CorruptionToolsfor Societies.Government Information Quarterly,27(3),264-271.
6. Bwalya, K. J.(Ed.),Mutula, S. M.(Ed.)(2015).Digital Solutions for ContemporaryDemocracy and Government.Hershey, PA:IGI Global Press.
7. Christensen, T.,Laegreid, P.(2005).Trust in Government: The Relative Importanceof Service Satisfaction, Political Factors, and Demography.Public Performance & Management Review,28(4),487-511.
8. Colesca, S. E.,Dobrica, L.(2008).Adoption and Use of E-government Services: TheCase of Romania.Journal of Applied Research and Technology,6(3),204-217.
9. Demirhan(Ed.),Çakir-Demirhan(Ed.)(2016).Political Scandal, Corruption, and Legitimacy in the Age of SocialMedia.Hershey, PA:IGI Global Press.
10. Easton, D.(1967).A Systems Analysis of Political Life.New York, NY:Wiley.
11. Elbahnasawy, N. G.(2014).E-government, Internet Adoption, and Corruption: AnEmpirical Investigation.World Development,57,114-126.
12. Grimmelikhuijsen, S.(2009).Do Transparent Government Agencies StrengthenTrust?.Information Polity,14(3),173-186.
13. Hao, X.,Zheng, D.,Zeng, Q.,Fan, W.(2016).How to Strengthen the Social MediaInteractivity of E-government: Evidence from China.Online InformationReview,40(1),79-96.
14. Houston, D. J.,Harding, L. K.(2008).Trust in the Public Service: A Cross-National Examination.66 Annual National Conference of theMidwestPolitical Science Association,Chicago:
15. Iqbal, M. S.,Seo, J. W.(2008).E-Governance as an Anti-Corruption Tool: KoreanCases.Journal of Korean,6,51-78.
16. Linders, D.(2012).From E-government to We-government: Defining a Typology forCitizen Coproduction in the Age of Social Media.Government Information Quarterly,29(4),446-454.
17. Lollar, X. L.(2006).Assessing China's E-Government: Information, Service, Transparency and Citizen Outreach of Government Websites.Journal of Contemporary China,15(46),31-41.
18. Mahrer, H.,Krimmer, R.(2005).Towards the Enhancement of E-democracy: Identifying the Notion of the 'Middleman Paradox'.Information Systems Journal,15(1),27-42.
19. Nye, J. S.,Zelikow, P.,King, D. C.(1997).Why People Don't Trust Governments.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
20. Parent, M.,Vandebeek, C. A.,Gemino, A. C.(2005).Building Citizen Trust through E-government.Government Information Quarterly,22(4),720-736.
21. Pina, V.,Torres, L.,Acerete, B.(2007).Are ICTs Promoting GovernmentAccount-Ability?: A Comparative Analysis of E-governance Developments in 19OECDCountries.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,18(2),583-602.
22. Piotrowski, S. J.,Zhang, Y.,Lin, W.,Yu, W.(2009).Key Issues for Implementation of Chinese Open Government Information Regulations.Public Administration Review,69(s1),129-135.
23. Sakowicz, M.(2004).How should E-government be Evaluated? Different Methodologies and Methods.NISPAcee Occasional Papers in Public Administration and Public Policy,5(2),18-25.
24. Schuppan, T.(2009).E-government in Developing Countries: Experiences from Sub-Saharan African.Government Information Quarterly,26(1),118-127.
25. Shim, D. C.,Eom, T. H.(2008).E-government and Anti-Corruption: Empirical Analysis of International Data.International Journal of PublicAdministration,31(3),298-316.
26. Thomas, C. W.(1998).Maintaining and Restoring Public Trust in Government Agenciesand Their Employees.Administration & Society,30(2),166-193.
27. Tolbert, C. J.,Mossberger, K.(2006).The Effects of E-government on Trust andConfidence in Government.Public Administration Review,66(3),354-369.
28. United Nations(2016).United Nations E-government Survey 2016: E-government in Support of Sustainable Development.
29. Welch, E. W.,Hinnant, C. C.,Moon, M. J.(2005).Linking Citizen Satisfaction With-government and Trust in Government.Journal of Public Administration Researchand Theory,15(3),371-391.
30. Wu, J.,Guo, D.(2015).Measuring E-government Performance of ProvincialGovernment Website in China with Slacks-based Efficiency Measurement.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,96(2),25-31.
31. Zhang, N.,Meng, Q.,Guo, X.,Yin, C.,Luo, H.(2015).Key E-government Issues inChina: An Empirical Study Based on the Orientation-Maturity Framework.ElectronicCommerce Research,15(3),407-425.
32. Zheng, L.(2013).Social Media in Chinese Government: Drivers, Challenges and Capabilities.Government Information Quarterly,30(4),369-376.
33. Zheng, T.,Zheng, L.(2013).Examining E-government Enterprise Architecture Research inChina: A Systematic Approach and Research Agenda.Government Information Quarterly,30(S1),59-67.
34. Zhou, L.,Wang, T.(2014).Social Media: A New Vehicle for City Marketing in China.Cities,37(2),27-32.
35. 王芳、張陸洋(2014)。政府使用微信的功能導向研究。電子政務，11(10)，71-79。
36. 杜永紅(2017)。「互联网+」农村社会治理创新发展对策。江蘇農業科學，43(8)，338-341。
37. 汪華余(2002)。電子化政府：政府再造新範式。行政論壇，9(6)，8-10。
38. 張成福(2000)。電子化政府：發展與其前景。中國人民大學學報，14(3)，4-12。
39. 張迪(2016)。「互联网+」背景下歐盟電子化政府采購制度對我國的啓示。中國管理信息化，12(18)，153-154。
40. 趙生煇(2016)。基於Living Lab的電子政務公共服務創新策略研究。電子政務，13(2)，82-88。
41. 劉義理、張學永(2002)。「電子化政府」四個關鍵過程。同濟大學學報（社會科學版），13(5)，79-83。
42. 顧平安(2008)。面向公共服務的電子政務流程再造。中國行政管理，15(9)，83-86。

1. 林純雯(2021)。幼兒園家長資訊通信科技知能對其電子化校務參與動機之影響：以審議信念與領導支持為中介。課程與教學，24(4)，167-198。