社區體驗與在地能源治理：以新北市三重區的「新北市智能生活社區」為例

Community Experiencing and Local Energy Governance: The ＂New Taipei Smart Community＂ Project in Sanchung District, New Taipei City

10.6635/cpar.201912_25(4).0003

陳潁峰(Ying-Feng Chen)

能源實踐 ； 能源轉型 ； 地方治理 ； 智慧電網 ； 社區能源 ； energy practices ； energy transition ； local governance ； smart grids ； community energy

中國行政評論

25卷4期（2019 / 12 / 01）

62 - 82

繁體中文

在國家能源轉型過程中，由於涉及國民生活型態的轉變，政策變遷容易因為衝擊現狀而引發不確定感，以政府正在推動的「非核家園」為例，即因缺乏共識而導致國人對轉型之期程與路徑缺乏信心，2018年的公投結果某種程度顯示出民眾對轉型有所疑慮，許多國人甚至有重拾核能的想法。然而，許多國外的文獻與案例皆顯示：如能透過地方政府與社群擴大公民對於能源事務的實踐和參與，即有助於提升民眾在能源議題上的認知和效能感。本文選定新北市在2018年於三重峰景翠峰社區所推動的「新北市智慧社區」方案為研究案例，試圖理解安裝社區智慧設施對社區民眾的影響。該社區住戶一共79戶，本研究在2019年3月進行問卷調查，問卷回收率是77%。研究結果發現：智慧綠能設施在社區的實際裝設，或能讓民眾對綠能科技與國家能源政策產生較正面的觀感，擴大理性討論的空間，也能進一步從個人層面改變民眾的能源行為與認知，可為行為與思考慣性營造破口。這樣的結果同時顯示出：未來在國家能源轉型工程中，如何透過中央與地方協力，擴大民眾對於能源的參與和實踐，或將對轉型的整體成效和成敗有重大影響。

Energy transition is a mega project involving technology advancement and social adaptation. While the new Taiwan government endeavored to promote energy transition in addition to pursuing future nuclear phase-out, the lacking of social common grounds undermined public trust on the transition roadmaps. The referendum in 2018 revealed strong backlash against current ＂no-nuke＂ agenda. Based on international empirical evidences, the citizen's participation into energy practices could contribute to better understanding and effectiveness on energy transition issues. This article focused on a new ＂Smart Community＂ project launched by New Taipei City government by installing green and smart system facilities in a 79-households 'FengJingTsuiFeng＂ community in Sanchung district, and aimed to explore the effects on community residents after the action. This research conducted survey on community residents in March 2019. The results showed that the uptake of smart facilities and renewable energy in the community helped to shape better images on green energy and national energy policies, and also to change residents' behaviors and perceptions on energy use. The results also shed more lights on the significance of collaboration between central and local in broadening citizen's participation and practices in energy affairs in national energy transition frameworks.

1. 汪文忠,曾稚尹(2016)。地方產業永續轉型的社會資本與政府效能：屏東縣養水種電個案分析。政治科學論叢，67，91-132。
   連結：
2. 林子倫,李宜卿(2017)。再生能源政策在地實踐之探討：以高雄市推動屋頂型太陽光電為例。公共行政學報，52，39-80。
   連結：
3. 張峻豪(2014)。行政權運作與地方治理：臺灣與羅馬尼亞的能源案例分析。思與言，52(3)，99-158。
   連結：
4. 劉明德,徐玉珍(2012)。台灣亟需有遠見的再生能源政策與做法—德國經驗的啟示。公共行政學報，43，127-150。
   連結：
5. Allen, J.,Sheate, W. R.,Diaz-Chavez, R.(2012).Community-based Renewable Energy in the Lake District National Park – Local Drivers, Enablers, Barriers and Solutions.Local Environment,17(3),261-280.
6. Bomberg, E.,McEwen, N.(2012).Mobilizing Community Energy.Energy Policy,51,435-444.
7. Cowell, R.,Bristow, G.,Munday, M.(2011).Acceptance, Acceptability and Environmental Justice: the Role of Community Benefits in Wind Energy Development.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,54(4),539-557.
8. Dumas, M., J. Rising, & J. Urpelainen. 2014. Path Dependence, Political Competition, and Renewable Energy Policy: A Dynamic Model. SSRN. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2482521.
9. Gao, W.,Fan, L.,Ushifusa, Y.,Gu, Q.,Ren, J.(2016).Possibility and Challenge of Smart Community in Japan.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,216,109-118.
10. Geels, F. W.(2014).Regime Resistance against Low-Carbon Transitions: Introducing Politics and Power into the Multi-Level Perspective.Theory, Culture, and Society,31(5),21-40.
11. Hess, D. J.,Mai, Q. D.(2015).The Convergence of Economic Development and Energy-transition Policies in State-Government Plans in the United States.Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy,11(1),5-20.
12. Jasanoff, S.,Kim, S.-H(2013).Sociotechnical Imaginaries and National Energy Policies.Science as Culture,22(2),189-196.
13. Kalkbrenner, B. J.,Roosen, J.(2015).Citizens' Willingness to Participate in Local Renewable Energy Projects: The Role of Community and Trust in Germany.Energy Research & Social Science,13,60-70.
14. Li, H.,Chabay, I.,Renn, O.,Webler, A.,Mbungu, Grace(2015).Exploring Smart Grids with Simulations in A Mobile Science Exhibition.Energy, Sustainability and Society
15. Lund, H.(2014).Renewable Energy Systems, Second Edition: A Smart Energy Systems Approach to the Choice and Modeling of 100% Renewable Solutions.Oxford, UK:Academic Press.
16. Meijer, A.,van der Veer, R.,Faber, A.,de Vries, J. Penning(2017).Political innovation as ideal and strategy: the case of aleatoric democracy in the City of Utrecht.Public Management Review,19(1),20-36.
17. Palm, A.(2016).Local Factors Driving The Diffusion of Solar Photovoltaics in Sweden: A Case Study of Five Municipalities in An Early Market.Energy Research and Social Science,14,1-12.
18. Tsai, W.-T.(2014).Innovative Promotion of Renewable Energy Development for Challenging Sustainable Low-Carbon Society: Case Study of Pingtung County, Taiwan.Challenges,5(1),26-34.
19. Wüste, A.,Schmuck, P.(2012).Bioenergy Villages and Regions in Germany: An Interview Study with Initiators of Communal Bioenergy Projects on the Success Factors for Restructuring the Energy Supply of the Community.Sustainability,4,244-256.
20. Yun, S.-J.(2017).Citizens' Participation-based Energy Transition in A Mega-city: The Case of One Less Nuclear Power Plant in Seoul.Energy Transition in East Asia: A Social Science Perspective,London:
21. 王敏旭，2017，〈氣候變遷與城市轉型〉，新北辦論壇，聯合新聞網 (10 月 01 日）。取自 https://udn.com/news/story/7323/2732735?from=udn-catelistnews_ch2)
22. 台大風險社會與政策研究中心，2018， 臺灣能源轉型公眾感知度調查報告。台北：台灣大學。
23. 李麗雯(2012)。台北，臺灣大學環境工程學研究所博士班。
24. 林子倫(2016)。台灣城市氣候治理的困境與挑戰：多層次治理的觀點。因應氣候變遷從地方做起：台灣推動氣候變遷調適的過程經驗與知識，台北:
25. 林子倫,李宜卿(2017)。歐盟能源政策之社會溝通與公眾參與：參與式治理的觀點。臺灣能源期刊，4(1)，1-16。
26. 能源轉型推動聯盟(2016)。能源轉型推動聯盟，2016，《2015 全台縣市節能治理政策評比摘要報告》，台北： 能源轉型推動聯盟。
27. 陳喬琪,陳潁峰,趙家緯(2018)。臺灣地方能源治理建構展望-以日本地方能源治理發展為借鏡。2018 第十屆發展年會，台北:
28. 蕭嫚君(2014)。台北，臺灣大學園藝暨景觀學系碩士班。