台灣民眾眼中的「軍公教」：焦點團體訪談法的實證分析

How Taiwanese View The Military, Civil, and Teaching Personnel: An Empirical Analysis of Focus Group Interview

10.6635/cpar.202003_26(1).0002

林聰吉(Tsong-Jyi Lin)；黃妍甄(Yen-Chen Huang)

軍公教 ； 形象 ； 焦點團體訪談法 ； 年金議題 ； military, civil and teaching personnel ； image ； focus group interview ； pension issues

中國行政評論

26卷1期（2020 / 03 / 01）

25 - 45

繁體中文

近年來，台灣因為年金改革的相關議題，引起民眾對於軍公教族群的關注與討論，對此，本文提出兩項研究問題：第一，台灣民眾心目中的軍公教形象為何？第二，形塑這些形象的因素有那些？透過焦點團體訪談所蒐集的實證資料，本文研究發現如下。針對第一個研究問題，軍公教三種職業類別中，公務員的形象最為負面，其次為軍人；反之，與會者普遍對教師存有正面印象。焦點團體訪談也蒐集到民眾對軍公教更多元且深入的形象描述。以整體軍公教而言，與會者補充其他印象：心態保守、沒有大志、奉公守法；但也認為躋身公、教並不容易，必須勤奮苦讀，而軍人則要犧牲家庭生活。針對第二個研究問題，本文發現形塑軍公教形象的因素包括家庭、同儕團體、親戚、媒體報導，以及親身接觸的經驗等。此外，許多與會者指出，競選動員是喚醒或強化腦海印象的重要觸媒，也多認為民進黨是主導此一動員的主要推手。若干與會者也強調，因長期環境變遷或者特定重大事件，印象也可能會改變。除了以上各種提供外在訊息的媒介之外，年齡、職業、政黨認同等，也在個人認知與詮釋外在訊息時，扮演顯著的角色。

This study attempts to explore two questions: (1) what are the images of military, civil, and teaching personnel in the Taiwanese society? (2) how the images of military, civil, and teaching personnel are shaped? Focus group interview is applied in the research. There are several findings based on empirical evidences. For the first question, the images of military, civil, and teaching personnel are relatively negative in Taiwan. Among three professions, images of the civil servant are most negative. In addition, focus group interview provides deeper description for military, civil, and teaching personnel. All of three professions are regarded as conservative, no ambitious, and obedient. However, participants of focus group express some positive opinions. For example, to become the civil servant or teacher must have excellent performances in schools. The military might lose the opportunity for family gathering. For the second question, focus group interview confirms that many agents effectively shape images. These agents include family, peer groups, relatives, mass media, and personal experiences. Election campaigns promoted by the DPP have inspired images in the past decades. In addition, images might change due to the shift of various environments or significant events in a long run. For personal perception, age, profession, and party identification significantly shape the images of military, civil, and teaching personnel.

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