桌上型同調EUV光源－超快雷射激發高次諧波光產生

Tabletop Coherent EUV Light Source - High Harmonic Generation Driven by Ultrafast Laser Excitation

陳明彰(Ming-Chang Chen)

科儀新知

240期（2024 / 09 / 30）

68 - 76

繁體中文;英文

最近，超快速、同調X射線科學和技術受到廣泛關注，特別是由高次諧波產生的桌上型X射線。這些飛秒到埃秒的X射線脈衝使得科學家們能夠以前所未有的時間和空間解析度來觀察和理解化學反應、奈米材料的結構，以及生物分子系統的動態過程。本綜述將探討高次諧波的基礎概念和發現歷史，並闡述其在實驗設計中的關鍵角色，特別是如何生成高強度、孤立埃秒脈衝的技術挑戰。同時，將討論這些技術在觀察時間解析電子反應和空間解析奈米結構方面的重要應用，這些都是當今研究中不可或缺的部分。

Recently, there has been significant attention on ultrafast, coherent X-ray science and technology, especially tabletop X-rays generated by high harmonic generation (HHG). These femtosecond to attosecond X-ray pulses enable scientists to observe and understand chemical reactions, nano-material structures, and dynamic processes in biological molecules with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. This review will delve into the fundamental concepts and historical discoveries of high harmonic generation, emphasizing its critical role in experimental design, particularly the challenges in generating high-intensity, isolated attosecond pulses. Additionally, it will discuss the significant applications of these techniques in observing time-resolved electron reactions and spatially resolving nanostructures, which are indispensable in current research.