宜蘭海岸地區永續發展綜合評估與策略規劃之研究

Comprehensive Evaluation and Strategic Planning for Sustainable Development in the Yilan Coastal Area

10.6234/JGR.2011.55.01

廖學誠(Shyue-Cherng Liaw)；陳宛君(Wan-Jiun Chen)；莊永忠(Yung-Chung Chuang)

永續發展 ； 綜合評估 ； 策略規劃 ； 層級分析法 ； Sustainable Development ； Comprehensive Evaluation ； Strategic Planning ； Analytic Hierarchy Process

地理研究

55期（2011 / 11 / 01）

1 - 20

繁體中文

本研究以宜蘭海岸地區作為研究對象，透過文獻回顧及專家諮詢，選取適宜的永續發展評估指標，並應用層級分析法，經由專家問卷以計算指標的權重，另外，本研究也針對當地居民進行問卷調查，綜合評估宜蘭海岸地區永續發展的成效，並根據綜合評估結果，提出研究區永續發展的策略規劃。研究結果顯示，經專家問卷調查分析後，以生態保育的權重值最高（0.414），其次依序為社會文化（0.238）、經營管理（0.228）及經濟產業（0.121）。另外，經當地居民問卷調查綜合評估後得知，以社會文化面向較好（6.37），其次為生態保育（6.24），再其次為經營管理（5.97），分數最低為經濟產業（5.37）。本研究進一步研擬宜蘭海岸地區永續發展的策略規劃，包括三大面向：（1）落實生態保育、發展觀光產業；（2）持續社區營造、創造文化經濟；（3）協同永續治理、加強民眾參與。

The study area of this research is located in the Yilan coastal area. Based on the literature review and experts' consultation, some suitable indicators of sustainable development are selected. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to calculate the indicator weights through the experts' questionnaires. In addition, the local residents' questionnaires are conducted in order to evaluate the situations of sustainable development and to provide strategic planning in the study area. Results show that the weighted value of ecological conservation is highest (0.414) based on experts' questionnaire, and social culture (0.238), management (0.228) and economic industry (0.121) are following. Moreover, after the comprehensive evaluation by local residents' questionnaire, the outcome of social culture dimension (6.37) is highest, and the ecological conservation dimension (6.24), management dimension (5.97) and economic industry dimension (5.37) are following. Finally, we provide the strategic planning for the sustainable development in the study area, including three strategies: (1) implementing ecological conservation and developing tourism industry; (2) continuing community development and creating cultural economics; and (3) collaborating sustainable governance and strengthening public participation.

1. 中華民國養殖漁業發展協會（2011）：〈全省 46 個養殖生產區資料〉，《中華民國養殖漁業發展協會》。http://www.aquatwn.com.tw/。(2011/8/24 瀏覽)
2. 水利署第一河川局（2011）：〈宜蘭海岸〉，《水利署第一河川局》。http://www.wra01.gov.tw。（2011/9/23瀏覽）
3. 東北角暨宜蘭海岸國家風景區管理處（2011）：〈東北角暨宜蘭海岸國家風景區管理處成立沿革〉，《東北角暨宜蘭海岸國家風景區管理處》。http://www.necoast-nsa.gov.tw。（2011/9/23 瀏覽）
4. Ananda, J.,Herath, G.(2003).The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to incorporate stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning.Forest Policy and Economics,5,13-26.
5. Belfiore, S.(2003).The growth of integrated coastal management and the role of indicators in integrated coastal management: introduction to the special issue.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,225-234.
6. Beliaeff, B.,Pelletier, D.(2011).A general framework for indicator design and use with application to the assessment of coastal water quality and marine protected area management.Ocean & Coastal Management,54,84-92.
7. Bowen, R.E.,Riley, C.(2003).Socio-economic indicators and integrated coastal management.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,299-312.
8. Boyd, H.,Charles, A.(2006).Creating community-based indicators to monitor sustainability of local fisheries.Ocean & Coastal Management,49,237-258.
9. Ehler, C.(2003).Indicators to measure governance performance in integrated coastal management.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,335-345.
10. Fontalvo-Herazo, M.L.,Glaser, M.,Lobato-Ribeiro, A.(2007).A method for the participatory design of an indicator system as a tool for local coastal management.Ocean & Coastal Management,50,779-795.
11. Foucat, V.S.A.(2002).Community-based ecotourism management moving towards sustainability, in Ventanilla, Oaxaca, Mexico.Ocean & Coastal Management,45,511-529.
12. Hanson, A.J.(2003).Measuring progress towards sustainable development.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,381-390.
13. Henocque, Y.(2003).Development of process indicators for coastal zone management assessment in France.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,363-379.
14. Himes, A.H.(2007).Performance indicators in MPA management: using questionnaires to analyze stakeholder preferences.Ocean & Coastal Management,50,329-351.
15. Kabuta, S.H.,Laane, R.W.P.M.(2003).Ecological performance indicators in the North Sea development and application.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,277-297.
16. Kerr, S.A.(2005).What is small island sustainable development about?.Ocean & Coastal Management,48,503-524.
17. Lane, M.B.(2006).Towards integrated coastal management in Solomon Islands: identifying strategic issues for governance reform.Ocean & Coastal Management,49,421-441.
18. Nader, M.R.,Salloum, B.A.,Karam, N.(2008).Environment and sustainable development indicators in Lebanon: a practical municipal level approach.Ecological Indicator,8,771-777.
19. Olsen, S.B.(2003).Frameworks and indicators for assessing progress in integrated coastal management initiatives.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,347-361.
20. Ou, C.H.,Liu, W.H.(2010).Developing a sustainable indicator system based on the pressure-state-response framework for local fisheries: a case study of Gungliau, Taiwan.Ocean & Coastal Management,53,289-300.
21. Pickaver, A.H.,Gilbert, C.,Breton, F.(2004).An indicator set to measure the progress in the implementation of integrated coastal zone management in Europe.Ocean & Coastal Management,49,449-462.
22. Pomeroy, R.S.,Oracion, E.G.,Pollnac, R.B.,Caballes, D.A.(2005).Perceived economic factors influencing the sustainability of integrated coastal management projects in the Philippines.Ocean & Coastal Management,48,360-377.
23. Potts, T.(2006).A framework for the analysis of sustainability indicator systems in fisheries.Ocean & Coastal Management,49,259-280.
24. Rice, J.(2003).Environmental health indicators.Ocean & Coastal Management,46,235-259.
25. Sales Jr., R.F.M.(2009).Vulnerability and adaptation of coastal communities to climate variability and sea-level rise: their implications for integrated coastal management in Cavite City, Philippines.Ocean & Coastal Management,52,395-404.
26. Seingier, G.,Espejel, I.,Fermán-Almada, J.L.,González, O.D.,Monta˜no-Moctezuma, G.,Azuz-Adeath, I.,Aramburo-Vizcarra, G.(2011).Designing an integrated coastal orientation index A cross-comparison of Mexican municipalities.Ecological Indicators,11,633-642.
27. Thiele, M.T.,Pollnac, R.B.,Christie, P.(2005).Relationships between coastal tourism and ICM sustainability in the central Visayas region of the Philippines.Ocean & Coastal Management,48,378-392.
28. Vallega, A.(2007).The role of culture in island sustainable development.Ocean & Coastal Management,50,279-300.
29. Vandermeulen, H.(1998).The development of marine indicators for coastal zone management.Ocean & Coastal Management,39,63-71.
30. Xue, X.,Hong, H.,Charles, A.T.(2004).Cumulative environmental impacts and integrated coastal management the case of Xiamen, China.Journal of Environmental Management,71,271-283.
31. Yu, L.,Hou, X.,Gao, M.,Shi, P.(2010).Assessment of coastal zone sustainable development: a case study of Yantai, China.Ecological Indicators,10,1218-1225.
32. 吳綱立(2009)。永續生態社區：規劃設計的理論與實踐。詹氏書局。
33. 李永展(2006)。永續城鄉及生態社區：理論與實務。文笙書局。
34. 林惠玲、陳正倉(2009)。統計學：方法與應用。雙葉書廊。
35. 林惠玲、陳正倉(2009)。統計學：方法與應用。雙葉書廊。
36. 邱文彥(2005)。海岸管理的挑戰、體制與對策。研考雙月刊，29(4)，33-42。
37. 郭翡玉(2010)。因應氣候變遷之國土調適策略─以台灣沿海地區為例。都市與計劃，37(1)，47-69。
38. 曾懷恩、李榮貴(1998)。以 AHP 模式作為評估設計案的決策方法。設計學報，3(1)，43-54。
39. 鄧振源、曾國雄(1989)。層級分析（AHP）法的內涵與應用（上）。中國統計學報，27(6)，5-27。
40. 簡禎富(2005)。決策分析與管理：全面決策品質提升之架構與方法。雙葉書廊。

1. 韓羽謙、游媗琀、李婷婷(2017)。海灘劣化與復育：以基隆澳底海灘為例。中國地理學會會刊，58，139-160。
2. (2021)。遊客對生態旅遊認知的評估與其願付價格之關聯研究。國家公園學報，31(1)，9-22。