對牟宗三以「覺悟說」詮釋朱陸之爭的方法論反思

A Methodological Reflection on the Interpretation of the Dispute between Chu His and Lu Xiang-Shan by MouZong-Sang through His Intuitivism

10.6239/BOC.201306_(53).06

杜保瑞(Bau-Ruei Duh)

方法論 ； 朱陸之爭 ； 牟宗三 ； 覺悟 ； 頓悟 ； Methodology ； The dispute between Chu Hsi and Lu Xiang-Shan ； Mou ； Zong-Sang ； Intuitivism ； an insight model

國文學報

53期（2013 / 06 / 01）

149 - 173

繁體中文

本文討論牟宗三先生於《從陸象山到劉蕺山》書中對朱陸之爭的意見，本文之作採地毯式逐章逐節討論的模式，聚焦於第二章的後段。在該書第二章後半段的討論中，牟先生愈發能認識朱熹學說的要點，因此就愈發地將象山之說轉入覺悟、頓悟等近禪之型態來詮釋，雖然，這正是為反駁朱熹以象山是禪的攻擊。本文之作，即是要指出，並不存在牟先生所說的朱熹認知型的理論模式，牟先生討論的結果，只是嚴重地犧牲了朱熹文本的哲學意旨而已。

This article focuses on discussing the interpretation of the dispute between Chu Hsi and Lu, Xiang-Shan by Mou, Zong-Sang in his book of ”From Lu, Xiang-Shan to Liu Ji-Shan”. In Mou, Zong-Sang's opinion, he always supports Lu Xiang-Shan and opposes Chu Hsi. But his criticizing opining are all basing on Lu's original talking only with a Neo-Confucianism linguistic transformation. At the later part of Chapter 2 in this book, it seems that when he finds more and more reasonable points in Chu Hsi thinking, then he jump into intuitivism in order to defend for Lu, Xiang-Shan, and thus made himself falling into Zen Buddhism's theoretical style. Therefore, Mou suggests some passive points to define Chu His's thinking which including ”learning from the base and reaching to the top”, and ”an acquired efforts”. Then he creates some other positive theories to describe Lu, Xiang-Shan what are ”intuitivism”, ”an insight model”, ”conscience arising autonomy”, ”sanctity innately”. Besides, Chu Hsi had once criticized Lu, Xiang-Shan as having a bad personal character, but Mou did never taken serious with it. Mou, Zong-Sang argues that Chu's practical theory is a kind of knowledge orientation, however, Lu's is individual's innate willing, therefore, Chu's critic will be useless. This article will point that there dosen't exist so-called Chu His's theories suggested by Mou, and those theories belonging to Lu Xiang-Shan said by Mou are also existed in Chu's philosophy. Mou, Zong-Sang's understand about the dispute between Chu and Lu seriously hurts the correct meaning of Chu Hsi philosophy.

1. 王興國(2007)。牟宗三哲學思想研究。北京:人民出版社。
2. 牟宗三(1971)。智的直覺與中國哲學。臺灣:商務印書館。
3. 牟宗三(1975)。現象與物自身。臺灣:學生書局。
4. 牟宗三(1983)。中國哲學十九講。臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Taiwan Student Book。
5. 牟宗三(1981)。心體與性體。臺北=Taipei:正中書局=Cheng Chung Book。
6. 牟宗三(1985)。圓善論。臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Taiwan Student Book。
7. 牟宗三(1982)。佛性與般若。臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Taiwan Student Book。
8. 牟宗三(1980)。才性與玄理。臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Taiwan Student Book。
9. 牟宗三(1979)。從陸象山到劉蕺山。臺北=Taipei:學生書局=Taiwan Student Book。
10. 牟宗三(1997)。四因說演講錄。臺北=Taipei:鵝湖出版社=E-Hu Press。
11. 杜保瑞(2005)。北宋儒學。臺灣=Taiwan:商務印書館=The Commercial Press Taiwan。
12. 杜保瑞(2010)。南宋儒學。臺灣=Taiwan:商務印書館=The Commercial Press Taiwan。
13. 杜保瑞、陳榮華(2008)。哲學概論。臺北=Taipei:五南圖書出版有限公司=Wu-Nan Culture Enterprise。
14. 楊澤波(2006)。牟宗三三系論論衡。上海:復旦大學出版社。