英文摘要
|
This essay's analysis focuses on relevant issues of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. First, it reviews the EU and human rights protection from historical and legal perspectives. Second, this essay examines the background and text of the Charter. Third, it anticipates the future development and impact of the Charter. Finally, this essay considers conflict and co-ordination between the Council of Europe and the European Union in the field of human rights protection. This essay argues that the Charter has its own historical significance. It also emphasizes the idea that the utmost concern of a human rights document is whether it truly offers protection. If it is merely a human rights declaration, the Charter will not be very meaningful. Therefore, the most significant issue is the future status of the Charter, which will be determined by the European Council.
|
参考文献
|
-
王玉葉 Wang, Lydia Yu-Yeb(2000)。歐洲聯盟之輔助原則 The Principle of Subsidiarity in the European Union。歐美研究 EurAmerica,30(2)
連結:
-
黃偉峰 Huang, David W. F.(2001)。歐洲整合模式與兩岸主權爭議之解析 European Integration Models and Cross-Strait Sovereignty Disputes。歐美研究 EurAmerica,31(1)
連結:
-
(1999).Human Rights Reference Handbook.Amsterdam:Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
-
(1998)。歐洲聯盟:理論與政策。台北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。
-
Archer, Clive(1994).Organizing Europe: The Institution of Integration.London:Edward Arnold.
-
Beddard, Ralph(1980).Human Rights and Europe.London:Sweet & Maxwell.
-
Betten, Lammy, Grief, Nicholas(1998).EU Law and Human Rights.London:Longman.
-
Canor, Iris(2000).Primus Inter Pares. Who Is the Ultimate Guardian of Fundamental Rights in Europe?.European Law Review,25(1)
-
Commission on the Legal Nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union(2000).Communication from the Commission on the Legal Nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.Brussels:European Commission.
-
Craig, Paul, De Burca, Grainne(1998).EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials.Oxford:Oxford University.
-
De Burca, Grainne(2001).The Drafting of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights.European Law Review,26(4)
-
De Witte, B.(1999).The EU and Human Rights.Oxford:Oxford University.
-
European Commission(1990).Communication on Community accession to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, No. 19.Brussels:European Commission.
-
European Commission(1993).Working Document, Accession of the Community to the European Convention on Human Rights and the Community Legal Order.Brussels:European Commission.
-
European Commission(2000).Communication on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.Brussels:European Commission.
-
European Court of Justice(1996).Opinion 2/ 94, Accession by the Community to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
-
European Parliament(1989).Resolution Adopting the Declaration of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms.
-
European Parliament(1999).What Form of Constitution for the European Union?.Brussels:European Parliament.
-
European Parliament(1999).Resolution on the Establishment of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.
-
European Parliament(2000).Resolution on the Drafting of a European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights.
-
European Parliament(1994).Resolution on Community's Accession to European Convention on Human Rights.
-
European Parliament(1994).Resolution on the Constitution of the European Union.
-
European University Institute(2000).A Basic Treaty for the European Union: A study of the Reorganisation of the Treaties.
-
Expert Group on Fundamental Rights(1999).Affirming Fundamental Rights in the European Union: Time to Act.Brussels:Expert Group on Fundamental Rights.
-
Foreign & Commonwealth Office(2001).Human Rights Foreign & Commonwealth Office Annual Report 2000.London:Foreign & Commonwealth Office.
-
Fredman, Sandra, McCrudden, Christopher, Freedland, Mark(2000).An E. U. Charter of Fundamental Rights.Public Law
-
Kakouris, Constantinos N.(1993).The Judicial Protection of Individual Rights in the European Communities.Hastings International and Comparative Law Review,16
-
Lenaerts, Koea(1991).Fundamental Rights to be Included in a Community Catalogue.European Law Review,16(5)
-
Lenaerts, Koen, De Smijter, Eddy(2001).A 'Bill of Rights' for the European Union.Common Market Law Review,38
-
Liisberg, Jonas Bering(2001).Does the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Threaten the Supremacy of Community Law? Article 53 of the Charter: A Fountain of Law or Just an Inkblot?.Cambridge, MA:Harvard Law School.
-
Mengozzi, Paolo(2000).The Protection of Individual Rights and the Court of First Instance of the European Communities.Fordham International Law Journal,23
-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2001).The Intergovernmental Conference to Amend the Treaties: Italy's Position.Rome:Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2000).Human Rights and Finland's Foreign Policy.Helsinki:Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
-
Ministry of Foreign Affairs(2000).Fifth Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Human Rights Policy in Its Foreign Relations.Berlin:Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
-
O''Keeffe, D.(1996).Judicial Protection of the Individual by the European Court of Justice.Fordham International Law Journal,19
-
Piris, Jean-Claude(2000).Does the European Union Have a Constitution? Does It Need One?.Cambridge, MA:Harvard Law School.
-
Weiler, J. H. H.(1996).The Jurisprudence of Human Rights in the European Union: Integration and Disintegration, Values and Processes.Cambridge, MA:Harvard Law School.
-
Weiler, J. H. H.(1999).The Constitution of Europe.Cambridge:Cambridge University.
-
Weiler, J. H. H.(2000).Editorial: Does the European Union Truly Need a Charter of Rights?.European Law Journal,6(2)
-
王玉葉 Wang, Lydia Yu-Yeb(1998)。歐洲聯盟:理論與政策。台北:中央研究院歐美研究所。
-
王泰銓 Wang, Dominique T. C.(1996)。歐洲共同體法之性質 Nature of the European Community Law。國立臺灣大學法學論叢 National Taiwan University Law Journal,25(3)
-
王泰銓 Wang, Dominique T. C.(2000)。歐洲事業法(二)歐洲競爭規範。台北市:五南出版社。
-
王泰銓 Wang, Dominique T. C.(1997)。歐洲共同體法總論。台北:三民書局。
-
王泰銓 Wang, Dominique T. C.、 潘建彰(1997)。論歐洲共同體條約之補充原則。萬國法律 FT Law Review,93
-
何之邁 Ho, Ji-Ming(1999)。歐洲共同體競爭法論。台北市:何之邁。
-
李孟玢 LEE, MENG-BIN(1998)。歐洲聯盟:理論與政策。台北市:中央研究院歐美研究所。
-
周德旺(1994)。歐洲共同體法直接效力研究。美歐月刊 America & Europe Monthly,9(10)
-
張亞中 Chang, Ya-Chung(1998)。歐洲統合:政府間主義與超國家主義的互動。台北:揚智。
-
陳麗娟 Chen, Li-Chuan(1998)。歐洲共同體經濟法。台北市:五南出版社。
-
陳麗娟 Chen, Li-Chuan(1998)。歐洲共同體法導論。台北市:五南出版社。
-
黃立 Hwang, Li(1991)。歐洲共同體法上之企業結合管制。政大法學評論 Chengchi Law Review,44
-
廖福特 Liao, Fort Fu-Te(2000)。歐盟與歐洲人權公約。月旦法學 The Taiwan Law Review,62
-
廖福特 Liao, Fort Fu-Te(1999)。歐洲人權公約。新世紀智庫論壇,8
|