科學的戰爭與和平－「科學如何運作」的建構論與實在論之爭

Science Wars and Peaces-A Debate between Realism and Constructivism over 〞How Science Works〞

陳瑞麟(Reuy-Lin Chen)

科學戰爭 ； 科學研究 ； 科學哲學 ； 社會建構論 ； 科學實在論 ； Science Wars ； Science Studies ； philosophy of science ； social constructivism ； scientific realism

歐美研究

35卷1期（2005 / 03 / 01）

141 - 223

繁體中文

一九九六年，《社會文本》出了「科學戰爭」專輯，用以反擊《高級迷信》，「科學戰爭」因而得名，並躍入公眾視野。但它被渲染為「科學家」和「人文學家」的「兩種文化戰爭」。本文的目的就是在全面剖析這場「科學戰爭」與它的核心焦點：社會建構論和科學實在論關於「科學如何運作」的爭議。主要內容分成五節：（1）科學戰爭的階段簡史；（2）科學戰爭不是「兩種文化」之戰，而是對立哲學觀點的多元之爭；（3）分析對實在論與建構論的代表性文獻；（4）對立兩方論證效力的評判；（5）針對科學的運作，提出一條超越兩方的可行道路。

The 〞Science Wars〞 are a very large public debate about the nature of science and scientific knowledge. The debate was first triggered by the Sokal Affair in 1996, and has lasted several years. Its image in mass media has been exaggerated as a war between science and the humanities. The goal of this study is to understand the Science Wars: the debates over 〞how sciences work〞 between social constructivists and scientific realists. It contains five parts: 1. A brief history of the Science Wars: Providing an epitome of the debates from 1994 to 2002. 2. Multi-perspectives: Offering that the Science Wars aren't a war between two cultures, but rather a forum with multi-perspectives. 3. The focus of the debate: how do sciences work at all? The representative literatures will be examined in detail. 4. An appraisal of rival arguments; 5. A model for the work of science: to search for a way out between social constructivism and scientific realism.

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