論哈伯馬斯之憲政愛國主義

On Habermas's Constitutional Patriotism

李俊增(Chiun-Tseng Lee)

族國認同 ； 憲政愛國主義 ； 哈伯馬斯 ； 泰勒 ； national identity ； constitutional patriotism ； Jürgen Habermas ； Charles Taylor

歐美研究

36卷1期（2006 / 03 / 01）

29 - 73

繁體中文

與傳統之族國認同的觀念不同，哈伯馬斯提出所謂的憲政愛國主義。但此一概念所具有之普遍主義的意涵，卻引發強烈的質疑，懷疑其能夠產生足夠的認同與動機力量？本文之分析指出，對哈伯馬斯而言，對於具普遍主義意涵之憲法原則的熱愛忠誠，必須具備能夠支持自由政治文化之民族的倫理自我了解。本文並進一步指出，此種憲政愛國主義的概念係奠立在哈伯馬斯之獨特的法律人格者概念上；亦即每一人格者均應被尊重為是一個個人，且同時是存於自己所由來之文化脈絡中。最後，本文並對哈伯馬斯之憲政愛國主義的概念進行反省批判，認為此一概念忽略了蘊含於集體認同中之激情因素，並嘗試提出修正方案。

In contrast to the conventional national sense of identity, Habermas proposes 〞patriotism of the constitution〞 as the only beneficial basis for a collective identity. However, there is deep doubt whether the radically universalistic option or inspiration of a constitutional patriotism can provide an identity-shaping force which has not only moral legitimacy, but also historical plausibility. This paper shows that for Habermas, patriotic loyalty to the principles of the constitution, which have a universalist content, requires a historical self-understanding of the nation that can support a liberal political culture. Further, such a constitutional patriotism is based on Habermas's idea of legal persons. He thinks that legal persons should not be imagined as individual atoms; each person must be respected both as an individual and in the context of the cultural life-world. After exploring Habermas's constitutional patriotism, this paper criticizes it for neglecting the world of passion implicit in collective identity and tries to provide some cures.

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