科學實驗的輻射發展：重構早期電學實驗的歷史

A Radial Model of Experimental Development-Reconstructing the History of Early Electrical Experiments

陳瑞麟(Ruey-Lin Chen)

科學實驗 ； 實驗的結構 ； 科學史 ； 電學 ； 科學哲學 ； Scientific Experiment ； Structure of Experimentation ； History of Science ； Electrics ； Philosophy of Science

歐美研究

37卷4期（2007 / 12 / 01）

535 - 591

繁體中文

本文的目的在於提出一個「科學實驗的輻射發展模式」，並以十八世紀的近代電學實驗的歷史來例證。本文首先簡短回顧研究科學實驗的文獻，然後提出實驗的結構，包括背景理念、實驗模型和物質落實。接著我們界定原型實驗與衍生實驗的概念，再根據實驗的結構來考察兩者間的傳衍關係，繼而辨識八種傳衍關係。原型實驗與衍生實驗間不同的傳衍關係，使得科學實驗的發展呈現出輻射狀。最後我們將顯示近代電學實驗的歷史能緊密地配合此模式。

This paper proposes a radial model of scientific experimental development. I shall support the model with reference to the history of modern electrical experiments in the 18th century. After a brief review of the literature on experimentation, I first analyze the typical structure of experimentation, which consists of the background ideas of experiment, the experimental model and the material realization of the model. Next, I specify 〞the prototypical experiment〞 and 〞the descended experiment〞 and explore the descendent phenomena by juxapositioning the structure of the prototypical experiment against that of the descended one. Then, I discern eight types of descendent relations. Different relations between a prototypical experiment and different descended experiments cause the developmental pattern of experiments to appear radial. Finally, I show that the history of modern electrical experiments fits very well the radial model.

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1. 陳瑞麟(2009)。孟德爾究竟發現了什麼？一個實驗發現的典型模式。科技、醫療與社會，9，123-172。
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