「卡洛斯」的美國夢：卜婁杉《美國在心中》的「自我」書寫

〞Carlos's〞 American Dream-The Inscription of 〞Self〞 in Carlos Bulosan's America Is in the Heart

傅士珍(Shyh-jen Fuh)

卜婁杉 ； 《美國在心中》 ； 皮諾依 ； 美國帝國主義 ； 菲律賓裔美國文學 ； Carlos Bulosan ； America Is in the Heart ； Pinoys ； American Imperialism ； Filipino American literature

歐美研究

38卷3期（2008 / 09 / 01）

443 - 472

繁體中文

卜婁杉的《美國在心中》以仿自傳體的方式寫下了早期在美菲律賓勞工的離散經驗。本文探討卜婁杉特殊的「自我」傳記對皮諾依命運的呈現，思考這遊走於自傳、小說、民族誌邊緣的生命書寫與「真實」的關係，並探求其所部署的政治訴求。論文第一節析論本書作為「自傳」的特殊性，第二節闡述其對皮諾依命運的歷史觀照，第三節探討傳主卡洛斯反覆傳達的美國信念與其所敘述的在美血淚遭遇形成的矛盾對比，第四節以德希達「多元面具」的觀念來觀察卜婁杉與多層次的歷史脈絡交涉互動的弱勢族裔文本政治，第五節總結指出其「美國夢」超越國族概念的世界主義趨向。

Carlos Bulosan's America Is in the Heart represents the diasporic experience of Filipino migrant workers from the thirties to the forties in a quasi-autobiographical mode. This paper studies Bulosan's unique appropriation of the genre of autobiography in his inscription of the collective life of Pinoys, investigates the relationship between auto-bio-graphy and 〞reality,〞 and explores Bulosan's politics of writing. Part One of this paper discusses the formal invention of America Is in the Heart, which traverses the boundaries of autobiography, fiction, and ethnography. Part Two delineates the perspective in which Bulosan re-presents the collective history of Pinoys. Part Three investigates the apparent contradiction embedded in this work, which repetitively articulates the faith in America through Carlos' autobiographical self while the American experience inscribed in the narrative is one of total victimization. Part Four adopts Derrida's view of self-identity as 〞plurality of masks〞 to observe how the work demonstrates Bulosan's negotiations with the various forces operating in the historical context and reveals Bulosan's unique politics of ethnic writing. Part Five concludes this paper by pointing out the transnational and cosmopolitan tendency in Carlos's 〞American Dream.〞

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