種族因素對於黑人女性活動影響之研究－以瑪麗泰瑞爾為例，一八九一～一九二五

A Case Study of Mary Church Terrell, 1891-1925

10.7015/JEAS.200909.0489

黃文齡(Wen-Ling Huang)

瑪麗泰瑞爾 ； 羅伯泰瑞爾 ； 黑人女性的維多利亞特質 ； 政治家務化 ； Mary Church Terrell ； Robert H. Terrell ； Black Victoria ； political domesticity

歐美研究

39卷3期（2009 / 09 / 01）

489 - 532

繁體中文

史家卡爾頌以「黑人女性的維多利亞特質」論述分析十九世紀末中產階級黑人女性參與公領域活動。本研究以瑪麗泰瑞爾在一八九一～一九二五年之間的活動為例，沿用卡爾頌的論述，進一步探討種族因素對於中產階級黑人女性活動的影響與意義。研究發現，在面對白人主流社會，種族因素不僅影響黑人社會對於女性特質的定義，規範其在公、私領域的活動，也以種族優先之名，合理化中產階級黑人女性在公領域活動的正當性，讓她們比白人女性有更多發展的機會與空間。當黑人女性在公領域的活動被賦予種族使命時，黑人兩性互動關係也逐漸產生變化，泰瑞爾夫婦就是最佳的例證。

Historian Shirley Carlson used the ＂Black Victorian＂ to expound her views on the characteristics of black women in public/private spheres. According to Carlson's definition, the ＂Black Victorian＂ refers to the cult of Black womanhood. In this article, I wish to discuss the ＂Black Victorian＂ and the influences of racial reasons on black gender relations through a case study of Mary Church Terrell in 1891-1925. It is asserted that black women should follow the spirit of the cult of true womanhood in the private sphere, but they are also expected to be active in public sphere for the sake of their race. Once black women accepted responsibility for ＂lifting race,＂ there were no reasons for black men to interfere in women's activities in public spheres. This provided black women with opportunities for self-development unavailable to white women, but was also expressive of the obstacles the black women faced-race and gender. Furthermore, when black women could play active roles in the public sphere for the race, Black men should take up some responsbilities formerly assumed by women in the private sphere. Thus, interactions between men and women in Black communities also changed. The case of the Terrells provide a good example of this.

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