(De)Formation of ＂Southern Female Habit＂-A Case Study of William Faulkner's Snopes Trilogy

南方女性特質的養成：以威廉．福克納的史諾普斯三部曲為例

芭耶娜．歐克羅普澤克(Biljana Oklopčić)；張瀠之

William Faulkner ； the Snopes trilogy ； the Southern female habit ； 威廉．福克納 ； 史諾普斯三部曲 ； 南方女性特質

歐美研究

40卷3期（2010 / 09 / 01）

683 - 713

英文

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first part of the paper discusses the notion of ＂Southern female habit＂-formal and informal women education-as it appeared in the U.S. South in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century. Its analysis in the paper relies upon the following factors: the ＂necessity＂ of formal education, gender-discriminatory job distribution, prescribed skills and features, the role of reproduction, and the importance of home as woman's private sphere. The second part of the paper shows how William Faulkner approached this typically Southern phenomenon in his Snopes trilogy. Three generations of the Varner-Snopes women characters-Mrs. Varner, Eula Varner Snopes, and Linda Snopes Kohl-foreground three different comprehensions of the idea of the ＂Southern female habit＂: Mrs. Varner lives it; Eula Varner Snopes balances between accepting and subverting it; Linda Snopes Kohl subverts it.

本文分為兩個部分。第一部分探討所謂的「南方女性特質」，此一現象來自十九世紀末期及二十世紀初期，美國南方對女性的正式及非正式養成教育；本文分別從「必備」的正式教育、工作分配中的性別歧視、受侷限的技能與專長、生育角色，以及家庭在女性私領域的重要性等幾個因素加以剖析。第二部分探討威廉．福克納如何在史諾普斯三部曲中，真實呈現這個典型的南方現象；他是透過維爾納－史諾普斯家族裡三個世代的女性角色──具典型南方女性特質的維爾納太太、游走於接受與抗拒之間的尤拉．維爾納．史諾普斯，以及顛覆傳統的琳達．維爾納．柯爾，來呈現對所謂的南方女性特質的不同想像。

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