The ECB under the Lisbon Treaty-The Impact on the ECB's Constitutional Status and External Relations

里斯本條約對ECB憲法地位與對外關係的影響

10.7015/JEAS.201012.0887

洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng)

歐盟 ； 歐盟運作條約 ； 歐盟條約 ； 里斯本條約 ； European Union ； Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ； European Central Bank ； ECB ； Treaty on European Union ； the Lisbon Treaty

歐美研究

40卷4期（2010 / 12 / 01）

887 - 922

英文

里斯本條約於二○○九年十二月一日生效，代表歐盟整合已發展至另一新的階段。里斯本條約的目標包括用以強化歐盟行政效率、決策民主以及正當性，同時協調歐盟對外關係活動，以提高歐盟國際地位，並有效因應歐盟在二十一世紀所面臨的挑戰。ECB在里斯本條約被歸類為一個歐盟機構並納入歐盟單一組織架構，此一變革將影響ECB在歐盟的憲法地位以及ECB對外關係，ECB將不能自外於歐盟單一組織架構以及共同目標。在歐盟共同外交政策及政策整合策略下，ECB對外關係的影響力預期將有所擴增，進而提高ECB的國際地位。

The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009 which marked a new step in the overall process of European integration. The purpose of the Lisbon Treaty is to enhance institutional efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the enlarged Union, as well as the coherence of its external actions. The Treaty will provide the EU with a new institutional framework and many policy powers necessary to meet future challenges. The European Central Bank (ECB) is classified as one of the Union's institutions. The change of ECB's constitutional status in the EU is one of major innovations of the Lisbon Treaty. Accordingly, the Lisbon Treaty will have a far-reaching impact on the ECB and its external relations. From a policy perspective and employing legal methods, this paper reviews the most important innovations and the major changes of the ECB introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon, comparing it at the same time to the defunct EU Constitution.

1. BBC. (2010, February 5). Q & A: The Lisbon Treaty. BBC News. Retrieved 2010, March 12, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/europe/6901353.htm
2. Anonymous(2007).What Lisbon contains.The Economist,385(8552),48.
3. Athanassiou, P.(2009).Withdrawal and expulsion from the EU and EMU: Some reflections.Legal Working Paper Series,10
4. Begg, I.(2008).Economic governance in an enlarged euro area.Frankfurt, Germany:ECB.
5. Begg, I.(2008).Is there a convincing rationale for the Lisbon strategy?.Journal of Common Market Studies,46(2),427-435.
6. Cohen, B. J.(2008).The international monetary system: Diffusion and ambiguity.International Affairs,84(3),455-470.
7. Cremona, M.(2006).A constitutional basis for effective external action? An assessment of the provisions on EU external action in the constitutional treaty.EUI Working Papers,30
8. Dashwood, A.(Ed.),Maresceau, M.(Ed.)(2008).Law and practice of EU external relations.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
9. De Grauwe, P.(2000).Economics of monetary union.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
10. Dougan, M.(2008).The Treaty of Lisbon 2007: Winning minds, not hearts.Common Market Law Review,45(3),617-704.
11. ECB(2002).Measurement issues in European consumer price indices and the conceptual framework of the HICP.Frankfurt, Germany:Author.
12. ECB(2004).The European Constitution and the ECB.Monthly Bulletin,August,51-64.
13. ECB(2008).Prices and costs.Monthly Bulletin,April,32-40.
14. ECB(2008).Business investment in the euro area and the role of firms’ financial positions.Monthly Bulletin,April,57-68.
15. ECB(2001).The monetary policy of the ECB.Frankfurt, Germany:Author.
16. Editorial Comments(2007).From the constitution to a new round of treaty amendments: step-by-step.Common Market Law Review,44(5),1229-1237.
17. Eichengreen, B.(2008).Sui Generis EMU.Frankfurt, Germany:ECB.
18. European Commission(2006).European Commission. (2006, June 9). Further Steps in Implementing the Revived Lisbon Strategy, SEC (2006) 619..
19. European Commission(2005).European Commission. (2005, July 20). Common Actions for Growth and Jobsi The Community Lisbon Programme, COM (2005) 330..
20. European Union. (1992, July 29). Protocol on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the ECB, OJ 1992, C191/68.
21. European Union. (1990, December 31). Agreement Establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, OJ 1990, L372/4.
22. European Union. (2006, December 29). Consolidated Versions of The Treaty on European Union and The Treaty Establishing The European Community, OJ 2006, C321/E/1.
23. European Union. (2008, May 9). Protocol on the Euro Group, the Lisbon Treaty, OJ 2008, C 115/283.
24. European Union. (1995, October 27). Council Regulation (EC) 2494/95 concerning harmonized indices of consumer prices, OJ 1995, L257/1.
25. Frankal, B.,Oleaga, I. A.,Coussens, W.(2007).How will the treaty of Lisbon affect EMU?.EUREDIA-European Banking & Financial Law Journal,2,121-159.
26. Gerlach, S.,Hoffmann, M.(2008).The Impact of the euro on international stability and volatility.Frankfurt, Germany:ECB.
27. Griller, S.(Ed.),Ziller, J.(Ed.)(2008).The Lisbon treaty. EU constitutional treaty.Vienna:Springer.
28. Gros, D.,Thygesen, N.(1992).European monetary integration.London:Longman.
29. Horng, D. C.(2005).The ECB’s membership in the IMF: Legal approaches to constitutional challenges.European Law Journal,11(6),802-822.
30. House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee(2008).,未出版
31. Howorth, J.(2010).The EU as a global actor.Journal of Common Market Studies,48(3),455-474.
32. ICJ. (1949). Reparation for injuries case. In ICJ Rep (pp. 173-220). Hague, the Netherlands: Author.
33. Jappelli T.,Pagano, M.(2008).Financial market integration under EMU.Frankfurt, Germany:ECB.
34. Jennings, R.,Watts, A.(1996).Oppenheim’s internal law: Vol. 1. Peace.London:Longmans.
35. Jung, A.,Mongelli, F. P.,Moutot, P.(2010).How are the Eurosystem’s monetary policy decisions prepared? A roadmap.Journal of Common Market Studies,48(2),319-345.
36. Kapteyn, P. J. G.(2005).EMU and central bank: Chances missed.European Constitutional Law Review,1,123-130.
37. Krauskopf, B.,Steven, C.(2009).The institutional framework of the European system of central banks: Legal issues in the practice of the first ten years of its existence.Common Market Law Review,46(4),1143-1176.
38. Maher, I.(2007).Economic governance: Hybridity, accountability and control.The Columbia Journal of European Law,13(3),679-704.
39. Moravcsik, A.(2008).The European constitutional settlement.The World Economy,31(1),158-183.
40. Mulvey, S. (2007, August 3). A close look at the reform treaty. BBC News. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/europe/6928737.htm
41. Pernice, I.(2009).The Treaty of Lisbon: Multilevel constitutionalism in action.The Columbia Journal of European Law,15(3),349-408.
42. Piris, J.-C.(2010).The Lisbon Treaty: A legal and political analysis.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
43. Rudden, B.,Phelan, D. R.(1997).Basic community cases.Oxford, NY:Oxford University Press.
44. Sari, A.(2008).Conclusion of international agreements by the European Union in the context of the ESDP.International & Comparative Law Quarterly,57(1),53-86.
45. Scheller, H. K.(2006).The European Central Bank: History, role and functions.Frankfurt, Germany:ECB.
46. Seidel, M.(1996).Constitutional aspects of the economic and monetary union.Constitutional dimensions of European economic integration,The Hague, the Netherlands:
47. Smaghi, L. B.(2008).Central bank independence in the EU: From theory to practice.European Law Journal,14(4),446-460.
48. Smits, R.(1997).The European Central Bank: Institutional aspects.The Hague, the Netherlands:Kluwer Law International.
49. Vanhoonacker, S.,Reslow, N.(2010).The European external action service: Living forwards by understanding backwards.European Foreign Affairs Review,15(1),1-18.
50. Zeitlin, J.(2008).The open method of co-ordination and the governance of the Lisbon strategy.Journal of Common Market Studies,46(2),436-450.
51. Zielonka, J.(2008).Europe as a global actor: Empire by example?.International Affairs,84(3),471-484.
52. Zilioli, C.,Selmayr, M.(2000).The European Central Bank: An independent specialized organization of community law.Common Market Law Review,37(3),591-644.
53. Zilioli, C.,Selmayr, M.(1999).The external of the euro area: Legal aspects.Common Market Law Review,36(2),273-350.
54. Zilioli, C.,Selmayr, M.(2007).The constitutional status of the European Central Bank.Common Market Law Review,44(2),355-400.