Civic Republicanism and Democratic Politics-Michael Sandel and Contemporary Theories of Political Community

公民共和主義與民主政治：沈岱爾與當代政治社群理論

蕭高彥(Carl K. Y. Shaw)

Michael Sandel ； Charles Taylor ； Bruce Ackerman ； Democracy ； Republicanism ； 沈岱爾 ； 泰勒 ； 艾克曼 ； 民主 ； 共和主義

歐美研究

40卷4期（2010 / 12 / 01）

923 - 945

英文

This article examines the relevance of Michael Sandel's republican project in contemporary society. I first sketch Sandel's original position, then his turning from communitarianism to civic republicanism. The focus will be on 〞formative politics〞 in the civic republican tradition. My contention is that Sandel's differentiation of republican political community from traditional communities is of vital importance as it provides grounds for distinguishing Sandel's idea of constitutive community from that of Charles Taylor, another notable communitarian-republican theorist. Sandel emphasizes the formative capacity of democratic practices, while Taylor advocates linguistic community as the ultimate constitutive community. This ontological difference leads to democratic republicanism in the case of Sandel and an uneasy vacillation between civic and cultural nationalism in the case of Taylor. The formative politics of democratic republicanism is interpreted and expanded by way of Bruce Ackerman's dualist democracy. This article concludes by considering the practical implications of democratic republicanism for Asian countries.

本文檢視美國政治哲學家沈岱爾的共和主義論述，以及其對當代社會的意涵。筆者分析了沈岱爾原始的社群主義立場，以及其後轉向公民共和主義的歷程，特別著重於分析他如何擷取共和主義傳統中「形塑政治」的思想資源。本文的主要論旨在於強調沈岱爾將共和式政治共同體由傳統社群加以區分的重要性，而此點也構成了他與另一位重要的社群主義者泰勒的重要區別。沈岱爾強調民主實踐的形塑能力，而泰勒則著重於語言社群的構成意義。這個本體論上的差異導致了沈岱爾偏向「民主共和主義」的政治理念，而泰勒則擺盪於公民共和主義以及文化民族主義兩極之間。本文進一步透過美國法學家艾克曼的「雙元民主論」來擴充民主共和主義的形塑政治潛能，最後並考慮此共和主義做為公共哲學對於亞洲國家的實踐意涵。

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