歐洲化對法國的衝擊與調整

Europeanization - Impact and Adaptation of France

10.7015/JEAS.201106.0497

藍玉春(Yu-Chun Lan)

歐洲化 ； 法國 ； 歐元 ； 申根區 ； 軍售中國禁令 ； Europeanization ； France ； Euro Zone ； Schengen Area ； Arms Embargo on China

歐美研究

41卷2期（2011 / 06 / 01）

497 - 545

繁體中文

本文先嘗試釐清幾個關於相似或相悖的「歐洲化」學術論點，並以法國與歐盟的政策互動作為個案研究，進行單一國家、跨支柱的政策比較。在初創及中期，「共同體／歐盟」的宗旨、架構及大政方針相當程度是按照法國意志進行，可以說是歐盟的「法國化現象」；直至歐盟接納中東歐十國並同步進行法制三部曲之制度改革後，明顯衍變成（廣化及深化後的）歐盟對法國造成「歐洲化現象」。本文分別選擇第一支柱經貿政策的歐元發行、第二支柱外交安全的解除軍售中國禁令、第三支柱人員自由流通的申根區，來比較對這些共同政策制定及執行時，法國所遭受的「歐盟壓力」，並從三個面向研析：一、法國與歐盟政策之契合程度及壓力程度；二、法國法政部門與歐盟中介機制的偏好與動態實踐；三、法國因歐盟政策所做的行政／政策結構調整與改變，最後將在結論做綜合比較。

This paper summarizes first the implications of Europeanization as a newly formulated theory and a practice evident in processes of EU integration. The paper then analyses the impact of Europeanization on France by examing three core EU policies: the Euro, the arms embargo on China, and the Schengen Visa Area. With reference to the process of Europeanization, the outcomes associated with these three policies in France, EU pressure, mediating actors, institutional adaptation and domestic changes will be explored. The finding presented in the conclusion is that France is paradoxically a victim of the successful EU policy. In fact, the sequence of Francification, Europeanization, Germanization might better explain the impact of the Euro on France; External factors, such as the influence of the US and China are decisive factors in determining whether or not to lift the arms embargo on China; Terrorism and EU eastward enlargement frame the dilemma of France regarding Schengen policy.

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