Cross-National Evidence on Trends in Support for Working Mothers

跨國分析民眾支持育兒婦女就業之程度

10.7015/JEAS.201112.0917

茱蒂絲‧崔拉斯(Judith Treas)；戴翠莪(Tsui-O Tai)

育兒婦女就業 ； 態度 ； 跨國研究 ； maternal employment ； attitudes ； cross-national research

歐美研究

41卷4期（2011 / 12 / 01）

917 - 947

英文

已婚婦女就業率的提高與性別態度的平等化，是形塑當代家庭的兩項重要發展。由於文化賦予母親在養育上有首要角色，本研究跨國、跨年分析社會大眾是否支持育有幼齡子女的母親從事給薪工作。一九八八年至二○○二年的「國際社會調查計畫」提供跨國資料，有利於檢視各國民眾支持育兒婦女就業之態度轉變，包含奧地利、德國、英國、匈牙利、愛爾蘭、荷蘭及美國。本文探討四個問題： （1）是否各國在支持育兒婦女就業的程度上有相似的趨勢變化？（2）哪些受訪者特質傾向支持育兒婦女就業？（3）這些特質與支持育兒婦女就業的關聯性是否隨時間改變？（4）人口組成的變遷（例如高等教育人口群的增加有利於婦女就業）是否影響性別態度的變遷？本研究發現，男女在支持育兒婦女就業的程度上皆有提升，幾項個人特質與性別態度之間的關聯強度大多未隨時間而有所變化，人口組成的變遷對於性別態度的平等化有些許影響。

The rise in married women's labor force participation and the liberalization of gender attitudes are two developments shaping families around the globe. In light of the primacy in childrearing which cultures assign to mothers, this paper focuses on changes over time in approval of paid work by mothers with very young children. Cross-national data from the 1988 and 2002 modules of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) permit us to analyze the mechanisms accounting for changes in attitudes toward maternal employment in seven industrialized countries- Austria, Germany (West), Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, and the U.S. We address four questions: 1) Did approval of maternal employment show similar change in all seven countries? 2) What respondent characteristics were associated with support for working mothers? 3) Did the association for any of these characteristics change over time? 4) To what extent did the demographic changes in population composition (e.g., the growth in a highly educated population segment more favorable to maternal employment) account for changes in attitudes? The analysis confirms widespread increases in approval of maternal employment for both men and women. Most relationships between individual characteristics and attitudes remained unchanged over the course of the study. On the whole, compositional changes in the populations contributed modestly to the liberalization of attitudes.

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