論歐洲聯盟國際投資政策之法律規範

The Legal Norms on the European Union's International Investment Policy

10.7015/JEAS.201206.0339

李貴英(Catherine Li)

共同商業政策 ； 外人直接投資 ； 專屬權限 ； 最低投資平台 ； 證券投資 ； Common Commercial Policy ； foreign direct investment (FDI) ； exclusive competence ； Minimun Platform on Investment ； portfolio investments

歐美研究

42卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

339 - 389

繁體中文

里斯本條約首度明文規定歐盟在外人投資方面之專屬權限，並將投資納入共同商業政策之範圍。儘管如此，歐盟對外投資政策之適用範圍仍有欠明確。倘若歐盟之專屬權限涵括投資保障與自由化，歐盟則有必要制定投資協定範本以適用於未來之自由貿易協定投資專章。2010年執委會提出兩項草案：第一、一項規則草案用以解決因投資權限移轉至歐盟層級而產生的真空狀態；第二、倡議新歐盟投資政策之函示，針對歐盟對外洽簽投資協定或自由貿易協定投資專章的問題，提供談判權限。歐盟在投資領域之新權限勢必將在會員國、執委會與歐洲議會之間引起熱烈討論。

The Lisbon Treaty establishes for the first time an exclusive competence over foreign investment by including it in the scope of the Common Commercial Policy. Nevertheless, the scope of application of the EU foreign investment policy is not yet clear. If EU exclusive competence covers both investment protection and liberalization, the EU will need to address the question of an EU model agreement to be applied in any future investment chapters in free trade agreements. In 2010, the European Commission brought forward two proposals: (1) a draft regulation to fix the vacuum created by transferring FDI competence to the EU-level, and (2) a communication proposing the new EU investment policy which feeds into negotiating mandates for EU investment agreements or investment chapters in free trade agreements. The EU's new investment competence will lead to fervent discussions in and among Member States, the Commission and the Parliament.

1. European Commission. (2006b, October 4). Global Europe: Competing in the world. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/october/tradoc_130370.pdf
2. European Commission. (2003, April 23). Draft articles concerning external action. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://european-convention.eu.int/docs/Treaty/cv00685.en03.pdf
3. European Commission. (2010a, July 7). Towards a comprehensive European international investment policy. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2011/may/tradoc_147884.pdf
4. European Commission. (2010b, July 7). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing transitional arrangements for bilateral investment agreements between member states and third countries. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/july/tradoc_146308.pdf
5. World Trade Organization. (n.d.). Regional trade agreements. Retrieved January 30, 2012, from http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm
6. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2000, June 27). OECD declaration and decisions on international investment and multinational enterprises. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.oecd.org/document/53/0,3746,en_2649_34819_1933109_1_1_1_1,00.html
7. Council of the European Union. (2010b, March 15). Public access to documents-confirmatory application No 06/c/01/10. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/10/st06/st06456.en10.pdf
8. European Commission. (2006a, May 30). Note for the attention of the 133 Committee. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2006/tas_upgrading_eu.pdf
9. Euro-Mediterranean Heads of States and Government. (2008, July 13). Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.eu2008.fr/webdav/site/PFUE/shared/import/07/0713_declaration_de_paris/Joint_declaration_ of_the_Paris_summit_for_the_Mediterranean-EN.pdf
10. International Law Association. (2008). Rio de Janiero conference report: International law on foreign investment. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.ila-hq.org/en/committees/index.cfm/cid/1015
11. Council of the European Union. (2010a, January 28). Outcome of proceedings of the Trade Policy Committee (full members) meeting on 22 January 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2012, from http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/10/st05/st05667.en10.pdf
12. World Trade Organization. (2004, August 1). General council's decision on the Doha agenda work programme (the “July package”). Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_ e/dda_e/draft_ text_gc_dg_31july04_e.htm
13. World Trade Organization. (2002, June 27). Concept paper on modalities of pre-establishment. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://trade.ec.europaeu/doclib/docs/2004/july/tradoc_111122.pdf
14. United Nations. (n.d.). Global compact. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.unglobalcompact.org/AboutTheGC/TheTenPrinciples/index.html
15. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2010). National treatment for foreign-controlled enterprises. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/32/21/19548854.pdf
16. World Trade Organization. (2001, November 20). Doha Ministerial Declaration (WT/MIN[01]/DEC/1). Retrieved May 28, 2012, from http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm
17. Abbott, R.(2008).EU trade policy: Approaching a crossroads.Chatman House Briefing Paper,8(4),1-8.
18. Bhagwati, J.(2008).Termites in the trading system: How preferential agreements undermine free trade.New Delhi, India:Oxford University Press.
19. Bungenberg, M.(2011).The division of competences between the EU and its member states in the area of investment politics.International Investment Law and EU Law,Berlin, Germany:
20. Burgstaller, M.(2006).Nationality of corporate investors and international claims against the investor's own state.Journal of World Investment & Trade,7(6),857-877.
21. Ceyssens, J.(2005).Towards a common foreign investment policy?— Foreign investment in the European Constitution.Legal Issues of Economic Integration,32(3),259-292.
22. Dimopoulos, A.(2008).The common commercial policy after Lisbon: Establishing parallelism between internal and external economic relations?.Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy,4,101-129.
23. Dimopoulos, A.(2010).Shifting the emphasis from investment protection to liberalization and development: The EU as a new global actor in the field of foreign investment.Journal of World Investment & Trade,11(1),3-25.
24. Dolzer, R.(Hg.),Herdegen, M.(Hg.),Vogel, B.(Hg.)(2006).Auslandsinvestitionen.Freiburg, Deutschland:Verlagspublikationen.
25. Eeckhout, P.(2004).External relations of the European Union.New York:Oxford University Press.
26. Emiliou, N.(Ed.),O''Keeffe D.(Ed.)(1996).The European Union and World Trade Law: After the GATT Uruguay Round.Chichester, UK:John Wiley & Sons.
27. European Commission(2010).Trade, growth and world affairs. Trade policy as a core component of the EU's 2020 strategy.
28. European Union(2002).Agreement establishing an association between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Chile, of the other part-Final act.Official Journal,L 352,1-1450.
29. Eventon, R.(Ed.)(2010).EU investment agreements in the Lisbon Treaty era: A reader.Amsterdam, the Netherlands:Seattle to Brussels Network.
30. Govaere, I.,Capiau, J.,Vermeersch, A.(2004).In-between seats: The participation of the European Union in international organizations.European Foreign Affairs Review,9(2),155-187.
31. Gugler, P.,Tomsik, V.(2007).The North American and European approaches in the international investment agreements.Transnational Dispute Management Review,4(5),1-50.
32. Herrmann, C.(Hg.),Krenzler, H. G.(Hg.),Streinz, R.(Hg.)(2005).Die Außenwirtschaftspolitik der Europäischen Union nach dem Verfassungsvertrag.Baden-Baden, Deutschland:Nomos.
33. Hocking, B.(Ed.),McGuire, S.(Ed.)(2004).Trade politics.London:Routledge.
34. Hoffmeister, F.(2007).Outsider or frontrunner? Recent developments under international and European law on the status of the European Union in international organizations and treaty bodies.Common Market Law Review,44(1),41-68.
35. International Monetary Fund.Balance of payments manual.
36. Karl, J.(2006).The competence for foreign direct investment-New powers for the European Union?.Journal of World Investment & Trade,5(3),413-439.
37. Krajewski, M.(2005).External trade law and the Constitution Treaty: Towards a federal and more democratic common commercial policy?.Common Market Law Review,42(1),91-127.
38. Krajewski, M.,Ceyssens, J.(2007).Internationaler investitionsschutz und innerstaatliche regulierung.Archiv des Völkerrechts,45(2),180-216.
39. Leal-Arcas, R.(2010).The European Union's trade and investment policy after the Treaty of Lisbon.Journal of World Investment & Trade,11(4),463-513.
40. Lesher, M.,Miroudot, S.(2006).The economic impact on investment provisions in regional trade agreements.OECD Trade Policy Working Paper,36,1-63.
41. Mandelson, P.(2007).The European Union in the global age.London:Policy Network.
42. Maydell, N.(2007).The European Community's minimum platform on investment or the trojan horse of investment competence.International investment law in context,Utrecht, the Netherlands:
43. McGuire, S.,Smith, M.(2008).The European Union and the United States: Competition and convergence in the global arena.Basingstoke, UK:Palgrave Macmillan.
44. Mola, L.(2008).Which role for the EU in the development of international investment law?.Society of International Economic Law (SIEL) Inaugural Conference
45. Neumayer, E.,Spess, L.(2005).Do bilateral investment treaties increase foreign direct investment to developing countries?.World Development,33(10),1567-1585.
46. Potestà, M.(2009).Bilateral Investment Treaties and the European Union. Recent developments in arbitration and before the ECJ.The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals,8(2),225-245.
47. Salacuse, J. W.,Sullivan, N. P.(2005).Do BITs really work?: An evaluation of bilateral investment treaties and their grand bargain.Harvard International Law Journal,46(1),67-130.
48. Sally, R.(2008).Trade policy, new century: The WTO, FTAs and Asia rising.London:Institute of Economic Affairs.
49. Schwarze, J.(Hg.)(2008).EU-Kommentar.Baden-Baden, Deutschland:Nomos.
50. Shan, W.,Zhang, S.(2010).The Treaty of Lisbon: Half way toward a common investment policy.European Journal of International Law,21(4),1049-1073.
51. Tietje, C.(2009).Die Außenwirtschaftsverfassung der EU nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon.Beiträge zum Transnationalen Wirtschaftsrecht,83,5-23.
52. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(2011).World investment report 2011.New York:United Nations.
53. Woolcock, S.(2007).European Union policy towards free trade agreements.ECIPE Working Paper,3,1-15.
54. 李貴英編(2011)。歐洲聯盟經貿政策之新頁。台北=Taipei:台灣大學出版中心=National Taiwan University Press。

1. 李貴英(Catherine Li)(2021)。歐盟與美國外資安全審查機制之比較研究。歐美研究。51(3)。597-651。