The Effect of Personal Religiosity on Attitudes toward Abortion, Divorce, and Gender Equality-Does Cultural Context Make a Difference?

個人宗教觀對於墮胎、離婚及性別平權態度之影響：文化背景有關係嗎？

10.7015/JEAS.201303_43(1).0005

艾美‧亞當契克(Amy Adamczyk)

宗教 ； 墮胎 ； 離婚 ； 性別平等 ； 文化 ； religion ； abortion ； divorce ； gender equality ； culture

歐美研究

43卷1期（2013 / 03 / 01）

213 - 253

英文

每個人對於墮胎、離婚以及性別平等的態度相當不同；這些差異大大地反映在各國的離婚法規、對女性進行墮胎的懲罰、及女性的政治代表性上面。儘管個人的宗教信仰常被認為能顯著地形塑每個人的態度，一國的經濟發展及政治穩定性也同樣被視為是影響性道德觀及性別平等的重要因素。本研究試圖從文化社會學及宗教社會學的角度，強調個人宗教觀與國家文化傾向的交互關係，以此解釋各國在墮胎、離婚、性別平等議題上的不同輿論觀點。本文使用世界價值觀調查的第四波資料，運用階層線性模型方法，研究結果支持「求生存或自我表現傾向」這個廣泛的文化軸線，以及個人的宗教參與程度，皆會形塑人們對於墮胎及離婚的態度。再者，相較於許多撒哈拉以南的非洲國家，在諸如美國等有較強自我表現文化傾向的國家中，個人宗教信仰對於墮胎、離婚、性別平等觀點的影響較鉅。

Across the globe, people differ considerably in their attitudes about abortion, divorce, and gender equality. These differences are reflected in the diversity of laws regulating divorce, penalties for women obtaining abortions, and differences in women’s levels of political representation. While personal religious beliefs are often seen as having a significant role in shaping attitudes, economic development and political stability are also seen to be important predictors of attitudes about sexual morality and gender equality. This study draws on ideas from cultural sociology and the sociology of religion to address the interrelationship between personal religiosity and national cultural orientations to explain cross-national variation in public opinions about abortion, divorce, and gender equality. Using data from the fourth wave of the World Values Survey and hierarchical linear modeling techniques, support is found for a broad cultural axis of survival vs. self-expressive orientations, and personal religious involvement for shaping attitudes about abortion and divorce. Moreover, personal religious involvement appears to have a greater effect on attitudes about abortion, divorce, and gender equality in countries like the United States, which have a strong self-expressive cultural orientation, than in many Sub-Saharan African nations.

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