對牟宗三的邏輯二分法思想的初步了解

A Preliminary Study on Mou Tsung-san's thought of Binary Classification in Logic

10.29653/LS.199806.0003

王興國(Xing-Guo Wang)

二分法 ； 形式的解析 ； 超越的解析 ； 構造原則 ； 軌約的型範 ； Binary Classification ； Formal Interpretation ； Transcendental Interpretion ； Constitiutive Principle ； Regulative Norm

鵝湖學誌

20期（1998 / 06 / 01）

95 - 131

繁體中文

二分法在傳統邏輯中是一個基本的方法，在中國大陸出版的邏輯書中，從金岳霖撰著的《邏輯》，到吳家國等人編寫的《普遍邏輯》，皆對二分法有所論述。然而，這些邏輯學著作都只把二分法看成是類的二分或存在對象上的二分，忽略了作爲純粹邏輯意義上的二分法與作爲方法學意義上的二分法之間的區別。本文的目的，即旨在証明牟宗三先生在此一問題上之貢獻。牟先生指出，把二分法限制在類、對象或存在上，只是二分是的應用，而非邏輯二分法的本質意義。邏輯二分法的本義，是「肯定與否定底『對偶性』」，是「理性之二用」，因而有其絕對性、先驗性與必然性。牟先生並通過「形式的解析」與「超越的解析」，以說明對偶性原則與思想律對邏輯推理系統的關係。通過「形式的解析」，說明了對偶性原則與思想律是邏輯推理系統之「構造原則」；通過「超越的解析」，則說明了對偶性原則與思想律是邏輯推理系統之「軌約原則」。此外，牟先生也反駁了現代邏輯學家封封偶性原則的批評，指出各種邏輯推理系統只是對偶性原則以及思想律之「特殊的決定」，並不足以反對對偶性原則。

The Binary Classification is the fundamental principle of traditional logic. The past works of logic published in Mainland China, such as Jin Yue-lin's Logic and Wu Jia-guo's General Logic have discussed this problem. However, they merely viewed the Binary Classification as the classification of genus or existent object and neglected the difference between the Binary Classification in the sense of pure logic and that of methodology, This article aims to evaluate Mou Tsung-san's contribution to this problem. Mr. Mou pointed out that the application of the Binary Classification to the classification of genus or existent object is only the methodological employment of it. According to Mr. Mou, the essential meaning of the Binary Classification in logic is ”the duality of asserting and denying” which belongs to ”the dual functions of reason”, thereby it attains its absoluteness, transcendeny and necessity, Moreover, Mr. Mou explicated The Principle of Duality and the laws of thought to be the constitutive principle of logic through the formal interpretation, and to be the regulative principle of it through the transcendental interpretation, He also refuted the modem logican's criticism about The Principle of Duality, and proved that all the logical systems are based on it.

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