儒家環境倫理學之基本觀念：對伽理葛特之構想的一個批判回應

The Fundamental Ideas of a Confucian Environmental Ethics: A Critical Response to Callicott's Project

10.29653/LS.200012.0006

李瑞全(Shui-Chuen Lee)

環境倫理學 ； 大地倫理學 ； 儒家哲學 ； 儒家環境倫理學 ； 演化的生態環境倫理學 ； 伽理葛特 ； Key words ； environmental ethics ； land ethic ； Confucianism ； Confucian environmental ethics ； evolutionary-ecological environmental ethic ； Callicott

鵝湖學誌

25期（2000 / 12 / 01）

189 - 205

繁體中文

作爲大地倫理學創始人李奧波(Aldo Leopold)的忠實追隨者，伽理葛特(J. Baird Callicott)在Earth's Insights一書中摒除了許多常是由誤解而來的西方學者對非西方的環境倫理的觀點。他認爲在過去的一百年中，西方正從現代轉向後現代的環境倫理學，而與許多非西方的生態思想更爲接近。而且，他對後者的重視較諸一般西方學者爲高。他在書中實有一構想，嚐試依大地倫理學和生態學的洞見以建立一全球環境倫理學：「演化的生態環境倫理學」。雖然這一構想有其堅實的學理依據，但這一構想有過於自然主義化的地方。本文從儒家的批判角度對這一偉構作一回應。在作出批判之前，本文先釐清他對儒家的一些誤解，特別是在Earth's Insights一書的分析，進而表述一後現代環境倫理學的可能性和其方向。最後本文並論述一儒家的環境倫理學的規模和內容。

As a faithful follower of Aldo Leopold, the founder of land ethic, J. Baird Callicott has eliminated successfully in his Earth Insights many of the misunderstandings of non-western points of view of environmental ethics. He thinks that western thinking comes closer to many non-western thoughts when western scholars turn from modern to postmodern environmental ethics. He lays more weight to those non-western ones than most western scholars. In his book, he attempts to construct a global environmental ethics upon the insights of land ethic and ecology and called it: evolutionary-ecological environmental ethic. Though this project has a very solid scholarship as its base, however, it is a little too naturalistic. This paper will clarify some of his misunderstanding of Confucianism and put forward a critical evaluation of his project. It then presents the possibility and direction of a postmodern environmental ethics, and ends with a brief account of the structure and content of a Confucian environmental ethics.

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