生態女性主義論西方文化傳統中的女性與自然

Ecofeminism Explores Femininity and Nature in the Western Cultural Tradition

10.29653/LS.200112.0005

李常井(Chang-Ching Lee)

生態文化 ； 西方文化 ； 父權 ； 女人 ； 自然 ； Ecofeminism ； Western ； Culture ； Patriarchy ； Woman nature

鵝湖學誌

27期（2001 / 12 / 01）

137 - 176

繁體中文

在西方女性主義的論述中，對於西方社會的父權體制(Patriarchy)如何經由教會、學校、法律、政治、經濟等途徑來迫使女性居於次等地位，有許多詳盡的分析。但是對於西方父權體制背後的文化歷史因素則很少觸及。生態女性主義(ecofeminism)的主要貢獻之一，就在於填補此一空白，同時在其分析西方文化的過程中，生態女性主義者發現西方社會「男性宰制女性」與「男人宰制自然」二者之間的密切關聯：性別歧視(sexism)與自然歧視(naturism)都是根植於相同的父權思想。本文的內容和主旨即在探討與說明，生態女性主義者對於西方文化傳統，分別從宗教、哲學、科學、歷史、語言隱喻、思考模式等面向，論述其中「歧視女性」與「歧視自然」的各種文化因素或歷史事實，最後並提出作者個人的評論。

In western feminist discourse, there have been many detailed analyses of the ways in which the subordinate status of women in western patriarchal societies has been enforced in the religious, educational, legal, political, and economic spheres. The cultural and historical elements underlying western patriarchy, however, have attracted rather less attention. One of the important contributions of ecofeminism is to fill this gap. At the name time, in the process of analyzing western culture, ecofeminists expose the close ling between the male domination of women and the man's domination of nature in western society. Sexism and naturism are both rooted in a similar patriarchal outlook. The main aim of this study is to explore and explain how ecofeminists interrogate the western cultural tradition in its religious, philosophical, scientific, and historical aspects, and through its linguistic metaphors and patterns of thought, and how they demonstrate the various cultural elements and historical realities which underlie sexist and naturist attitudes. The study concludes with a personal perspective by the author.

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