盡氣精神與生命之美──論牟宗三的文學鑒賞觀

The Spirit of Fulfilling Human Potential and the Beauty of Life: A Study of Mou Zongsan's Literary Perspective

許從聖(Hsu, Tsung-Sheng)

牟宗三 ； 盡氣精神 ； 自由 ； 生命美感 ； 文學品鑑 ； Mou Zongsan ； the spirit of fulfilling human potential ； spiritual freedom ； aesthetic sense of life ； literary appreciation

鵝湖學誌

71期（2023 / 12 / 01）

139 - 178

繁體中文;英文

牟先生文學鑒賞觀之終極關懷，自本而觀之，實不離乎人之「生命」本身。本文首先敘明牟先生的文藝理論範疇，包含理解論、創造論、鑒賞論等內容。再者，分析牟先生的詩學觀點，如對「詩意」、「詩格」、「詩境」及理想詩人應具備的條件闡釋，此是理解其如何定義「詩的本質？」和「何謂詩（人）？」兩項根本問題之關鍵。最後，將聚焦於牟先生對《紅樓夢》與《水滸傳》的實際文本品鑑，具體說明，依牟氏所觀，文學作品之存在價值，即在其所表現人物之生命張力，同時呈顯「自由」與「道德」，如何由原初相與一體之關係，遭受衝擊與破壞，最終演成「生命悲情」或悲劇主題。最終指出，牟先生之「盡氣精神」觀念，即為衝破渾沌與落寞狀態，豁顯生命之各樣可能性，這正是表現盡氣精神之文學作品，所以具有獨特存在意義之關鍵所在。

Mou Zongsan's ultimate concern in literary theory never departed from the essence of "life" itself. The many contradictions and conflicts inherent in life form the moving tension in literary works. This article first explains Mou's theoretical framework in the arts, including his understanding of theory, creativity, and appreciation. Furthermore, it analyzes Mou's views on poetry, particularly his interpretation of "poetic meaning," "poetic form," "poetic environment," and the conditions that an ideal poet should possess, which helps to better understand his definition of "the essence of poetry" and related questions such as "what is poetry (or a poet)?" Finally, the article focuses on Mou's interpretation and appreciation of the texts in Dream of the Red Chamber and Water Margin, demonstrating the true existential value of literary works and the release of tension in the "life tragedy" of characters. It also highlights the irreconcilable contradictions between "freedom" and "morality," revealing the original chaos and loneliness of the "the spirit of fulfilling human potential," which not only constructs the creativity and infinity of characters' lives but also represents the key to the timelessness and eternity of literary works.