台灣地區電機電子產業採行綠色供應鏈管理實務之壓力驅力與環境績效關係之研究

Green Supply Chain Management Practices: Pressures, Drives and Environmental Performance with Taiwanese Electrics and Electronics Industry

10.7060/KNUJST.200706.0085

錢銘貴(Ming-Kuei Chien)；施勵行(Li-Hsing Shih)

綠色供應鏈管理 ； 綠色製造 ； 綠色採購 ； Green Supply Chain Management ； Green Manufacturing ； Green Purchasing

高雄師大學報：自然科學與科技類

22期（2007 / 06 / 01）

85 - 101

繁體中文

由於全球消費者環保意識的高漲，以及歐盟自2006年7月起開始實施RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, 有害物質禁用指令)，加上已執行的WEEE (Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment, 廢電機電子設備指令)等，對以OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing, 原廠委託製造)及ODM (Original Designing and Manufacturing, 原廠委託設計)生產為主的台灣電機電子產業造成極大的影響。因此，台灣地區的廠商也積極採取綠色供應鏈管理實務(Green Supply Chain Management Practices, GSCM Practices)加以因應，期以提升組織的環境績效。本研究資料蒐集的方法採取文獻探討、深度訪談以及問卷調查法為本研究之理論基礎，並以台灣地區於2004年12月底前獲得ISO14001驗證的電機電子等相關廠商為抽樣對象進行實證研究，並採用SPSS進行資料分析，以結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)的路徑分析模型來驗證本研究的概念模式。本研究從150份有效樣本中發現：由於環保法令規範及外部利害關係人因素的影響，驅使台灣地區以OEM及ODM生產之電機電子廠商採行綠色供應鏈管理實務加以因應，且綠色供應鏈管理實務的採行也對環境績效產生正向的效果。

Due to the upswing of the global consumers' consciousness of the environmental protection, actualization of ROHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) by the EU from July, 2006, and the execution of WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), the extreme impact has arisen on Taiwan's industry of electrical and electronics, which specializes in OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing) and ODM (Own Designing and Manufacturing). Thus, the manufacturers in Taiwan also energetically adopt GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management) Practices to meet that, expecting to strengthen the organization's environmental performance. The researchers use the literature review, in-depth interview, and survey with questionnaires to collect data; simultaneously, the manufacturers of electric machinery and electronics which got the affirmation of ISO14001 before December, 2004 are sampled to do the practical research. Also, SPSS statistical software is used to analyze the data, and the researchers utilize the path analysis model of SEM to test the hypothetical framework of this research. The researchers conclude from the 150 valid questionnaires, and find that because of the influences from the regulations of environmental protection's laws and the factors of external stakeholders, the OEM and ODM manufacturers of electric machinery and electronics in Taiwan have adopted GSCM Practices to cope with. Moreover, the adoption of GSCM Practices also resulted in positive effects to the environmental performance.

1. Bagozzi, R. P.,Yi, Y.(1988).On the evaluation of structural equation models.Journal of the Academy of the Marketing Science,16,74-94.
2. Bentler, P. M.,Wu, E. J. C.(1993).EQS/Windows user`s guide.Los Angeles:BMDP Statistical Software.
3. Brent, A. C.,Visser, J. K.(2005).An environmental performance resource impact indicator for life cycle management in the manufacturing industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,13,557-565.
4. Cannon, J. P.,Homburg, C.(2001).Buyers-supplier relationships and customer firm costs.Journal of Marketing,65(1),29-43.
5. Clark, D.(1999).What drives companies to seek ISO 14000 certification.Pollution Engineering,Summer,14-18.
6. Daft, R. L.(1995).Organization theory and design.New York:West Publishing Company.
7. Doonan, J.,Lanoie, P.,Laplante, B.(2005).Analysis determinants of environmental performance in the canadian pulp and paper industry: An assessment from inside the industry.Ecological Economics,55,73-84.
8. Green paper: Clean technology-Green supply chain management
9. Faith-Ell, C.,Balfors, B.,Folkeson, L.(2006).The application of environmental requirements in Swedish road maintenance contracts.Journal of Cleaner Production,14,163-171.
10. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines
11. Gottberg, A.,Morris, J.,Pollard, S.,Mark-Herbert, C.,Cook, M.(2006).Producer responsibility, waste minimization and the WEEE Directive: Case studies in eco-design from the Europen lighting sector.Science of the Total Environmental,359,38-56.
12. Greenwood, M.(2001).The importance of stakeholders according to business leaders.Business and Society Review,106,29-49.
13. Hair, J. F.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.,Black, W. C.(1998).Multivariate data analysis.Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.
14. Hall, J.(2000).Environmental supply chain dynamics.Journal of Cleaner Production,8,455-471.
15. Handfield, R. B.,Walton, S. V.,Seegers, L. K.,Melnyk, S. A.(1997).Green value chain practice in the furniture industry.Journal of Operations Manament,15,293-315.
16. Henriques, I.,Sadorsky, P.(1999).The determinants of an environmentally responsive firm: An empirical approach.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,30(3),381-395.
17. Hervani, A. A.,Helms, M. M.,Sarkis, J.(2005).Performance measurement for green supply chain management.Benchmarking: An International Journal,12,330-353.
18. Hui, I. K.,Chan, A. H. S.,Pun, K. F.(2001).A study of the environmental management system implementation practices.Journal of Cleaner Production,9,269-276.
19. Hummels, H.(1998).Organizing ethics: A stakeholder debate.Journal of Business Ethics,17,1403-1419.
20. Kline, R. B.(1998).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:The Guilford Press.
21. Lamming, R.,Hampson, J.(1996).The environment as a supply chain issue.British Journal of Management,7,45-62.
22. Larsson, R.,Olsson-Tjarnemo, H.,Plogner, A. C.,Ostlund, S.(1996).Market pull or legislative push: A framework for strategic ecological reorientation.Scandinavian Journal Management,12,305-315.
23. Lebas, M. J.(1995).Performance measurement and performance management.International Journal of Production Economics,41,23-35.
24. Messelbeck, J.,Whaley, M.(1999).Greening the health care supply chain: Triggers of change models for success.Corporate Environmental Startegy,6(1),38-45.
25. Meyer, J.,Scott, W.,Strange, D.(1987).Centralization, fragmentation, and school district complexity.Administrative Science Quarterly,32,186-201.
26. Nelson, J. C.,Rashid, H.,Galvin, V. G.,Essien, J. D. K.,Levine, L. M.(1999).Public/private partners key factors in creating a strategic alliance for community health.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,16,94-102.
27. Oliver, C.(1991).Strategic responces to institutional processes.Academy of Management Review,16,145-179.
28. Purba, R.(2002).Greening the supply chain: A new initiative in South East Asia.Journal of Operation ＆ Production Management,22,632-655.
29. Rastogi, S.(2001).Green manufacturing.OSIM.
30. Sarkar, A.,Mohapatra, P. K. J.(2006).Evaluation of supplier capability and performance: A method for supply base reduction.Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management,12,148-163.
31. Sarkis, J.(2003).A strategic decision framework for green supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,11,397-409.
32. Sarkis, J.(2001).Greening supply chain management.Greener Management International,35,21-25.
33. Sarkis, J.(1998).Theory and methodology evaluating environmentally conscious business practices.European Journal of Operational Research,107,159-174.
34. Sarkis, J.,Sroufe, R.(2005).Strategic sustainability: The state of the art in corporate environmental management system.Greener Management International,46,5-11.
35. Scott, W. R.(1987).Organizations: Rational, natural, and open systems.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
36. Seuring, S.(2004).Integrated chain management and supply chain management comparative analysis and illustrative cases.Joural of Cleaner Production,12,1059-1071.
37. Shultz, C. J. II,Holbrook, M. B.(1999).Marketing and tragedy of the commons: A synthesis, commentary and analysis for action.Journal of Public Policy and Marketing,18,218-229.
38. Zhu, Q.,Cote, R. P.(2003).Green supply chain management in China: Why and how.Internet Conference on Ecocity Development,Shenzhen, China:
39. Zhu, Q.,Sarkis, J.(2006).An inter-sectoral comparison of green supply chain management in China: Drivers and practices.Journal of Cleaner Production,14,472-486.
40. Zhu, Q.,Sarkis, J.(2004).Relationships between operational practices and performance among early adopters of green supply chain management practices in Chinese manufacturing enterprises.Journal of Operations Management,22,265-289.
41. 2005企業環境報告書
42. 環境、安全與衛生年報(2004)
43. 九十五年版環境白皮書
44. 2005年環境報告書
45. 2005環境及職業安全衛生報告書
46. 聯華企業社會責任年報(2004)