题名 |
「貴有辭」與《春秋》大義 |
并列篇名 |
"Guì Yǒu Cí" and the Significance of "Chunqiu" |
DOI |
10.6238/SIS.201203_(34-1).0001 |
作者 |
張高評(Kao-Ping Chang) |
关键词 |
《春秋》大義 ; 外交辭令 ; 貴有辭 ; 何以書 ; 如何書 ; 資鑑勸懲 ; The Significance of "Chunqiu" ; the Diplomatic Language ; Guì Yǒu Cí ; the Reason to Write ; the Way to Write ; Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government's advisements and corrections |
期刊名称 |
中國學術年刊 |
卷期/出版年月 |
34_1期(2012 / 03 / 01) |
页次 |
1 - 30 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
春秋一代,諸侯專縱,陪臣竊命,王綱解紐,四夷交侵,於是孔子作《春秋》,假筆削以行權,藉史事以明義,大義微言多隱寓其中。諸侯爭盟,列國交兵,既無時而不有,大夫詞令或談言微中,妙在折衝尊俎;行人應答亦溫潤婉麗,貴能化干戈為玉帛。外交折衝之「貴有辭」,遂成《春秋》大義之一。或以有辭見褒,或以失辭見譏,楊樹達《春秋大義述.貴有辭》曾舉《公羊》《穀梁》以發凡示例。徵諸《左傳》,尤為春秋詞令之大宗,書中再三標榜「有辭」於行人專對之成效:或以退敵軍,或以釋人質,或以破要脅,或以還侵地,飾辭專對往往逆轉形勢,而有利於家國之生存發展。《左傳》大書「詹父有辭」、「我有辭也」、「其辭順」、「子產有辭」云云,其要歸於德、禮、信、義諸倫常因果。與《公羊傳》屬辭所謂異同、遠近、進退、詳略之書法殊異。《左傳》敘次辭命,既揭示「何以書」之資鑑,更呈現「如何書」之言辭;不但以「無經之傳」解說《春秋》,且以之發明《春秋》之勸懲與大義。 |
英文摘要 |
In Spring and Autumn Period, dukes and vassals defied emperor's superiors and start rebellions, while foreign tribes tended to invade Center Plains from time to time. Witnessing the collapse of Zhou's sovereignty, Confucius wrote ”Chunqiu” to criticize the history and to affect the public opinions so that the rightfulness would be upheld. Since the diplomatic language in ”Chunqiu”, such as ”Guì Yǒu Cí”, is significant that it directly relates to international affairs and influences the results of international conflicts, it could also be found in ”Gongyang Zhuan” and ”Guliang Zhuan”, especially in ”Zouzhuan”. ”Zouzhuan” not only proves the effectiveness of the diplomatic language, but also presents the way to represent one's mind by his words. By the way, ”Zouzhuan” eventually elaborates Chunqiu's advisements, corrections and the significance. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
人文學綜合 人文學 > 歷史學 人文學 > 語言學 人文學 > 中國文學 |
参考文献 |
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被引用次数 |