王夫之《易》史互證中的經世思想

Wang Fuzhi's Statecraft Ideology Present in his Comparisons Between History and the Book of Changes

10.6238/SIS.202009_(42-2).02

林書漢(LIN, SHU-HAN)

王夫之 ； 船山 ； 經世 ； 易史互證 ； 貞勝 ； Wang Fuzhi ； Chuangshan ； Statecraft ； Mutual Reflection between the Book of Changes and History ； Zhensheng

中國學術年刊

42_2期（2020 / 09 / 01）

29 - 58

繁體中文

身處明末清初之際的王夫之，治學融治經史，其易學與史學相互闡發，反映出為國為民的憂患意識與經世思想，以及論學著重於因應現實事理變化的特性。王夫之主張史須著經世之大略，他的經世思想乃指經世致用之道，此鮮明的表現在他史論當中。究竟他是如何結合《易》道於史論中體現，為本文的關注重點所在。本文的研究取徑，首先從「位」與「時」的角度切入剖析，以「位」論政統與天下之大貞，以「時」論治道的運用。其次，從「貞」的角度論述士道實踐，分析士人的進退選擇、守道與吉凶的關係，思索船山對士人的抱負期許。相信透過《易》史互證的方式，能對歷史的變化發展與得失成敗之因有更清楚的認識，並深化王夫之經世思想的內涵，體現其價值意義。

As a scholar versed in the histories and classics, immersed in state affairs during the Ming-Qing transition, Wang Fuzhi's simultaneous exegeses on history and the Book of Changes reflected his awareness of the hardships his country and countrymen faced as well as his thoughts on statecraft. This also reflected his belief in using scholarship to directly deal with the changing tides of current events. Wang Fuzhi believed that the essentials for studying statecraft could be learned from history. His thoughts on statecraft were based on the belief that studying history should have practical use for managing the state, this is visible most clearly in his discussions of history. This paper will explore how Wang Fuzhi managed to combine together his studies of both history and The Book of Changes. This paper will start by analyzing the ideas of ＂position＂ and ＂timeliness＂, ＂position＂ to speak of the virtue of the kingdom and its government, ＂timeliness＂ to speak of proper governance. Then we will analyzing Wang Fuzhi's high expectations for scholars, using the term ＂virtue＂ to speak of practicing the way of the scholar, analyzing the scholar's choice to advance or retreat, and looking at the relationship between luck and keeping the scholar's way. Using this methodology of comparing history and the Book of Changes, Wang Fuzhi was able to more clearly understand the causes of the innumerable changes throughout history, to add depth to his thinking on statecraft, and to embody his core values in his thought.

1. 何佑森, YOU-SEN(2009).清代學術思潮——何佑森先生論文集【下冊】.臺北=Taipei:國立臺灣大學出版中心=National Taiwan University Press.
2. 吳懷祺, HUAI-QI(2000)。王夫之的易學與史論。安徽大學學報 （哲學社會科學版），24(6)，1-7。
3. 李皇穎, HUANG-YING(2003)。高雄=Kaohsiung，高雄師範大學國文學系=Kaohsiung Normal University Department of Chinese Literature。
4. 汪學群, XUE-QUN(2002).王夫之易學─以清初學術為視角.北京=Beijing:社會科學文獻出版社=Social Sciences Academic Press.
5. 林書漢, SHU-HAN(2012)。臺北=Taipei，世新大學中國文學所=Shih Hsin University Department of Chinese Literature。
6. 涂治瑛, JHIH-YING(2002)。高雄=Kaohsiung，國立高雄師範大學國文學系=National Kaohsiung Normal University Department of Chinese Literature。
7. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
8. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
9. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
10. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
11. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
12. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
13. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
14. 船山全書編輯委員會（編校）=Editorial board of the Chuanshan Quan shu(1996).船山全書.長沙=Changsha:嶽麓書社=Yuelu Publishing House.
15. 陳曦, XI(2007)。昆明=Kunming，雲南師範大學中國古代史=Yunnan Normal University Ancient Chinese History Program。
16. 湯斌, BIN(2012)。易學「變通」思維與王船山史論探析。船山學刊，1，19-23。
17. 黃忠天, CHUNG-TIEN(2007)。史事宗易學研究方法析論。周易研究，5，39-52。
18. 劉毅鳴, YI-MING(2012)。桃園市=Taoyuan City，國立中央大學中國文學研究所=National Central University Department of Chinese Literature。