TMD於離岸風機結構減震之理論與振動台試驗研究

Theoretical and experimental study on vibration mitigation of off-shore wind-turbine using TMD

10.6849/SE.202012_35(4).0005

林錦隆(Ging-Long Lin)；盧煉元(Lyan-Ywan Lu)；雷凱婷(Kai-Ting Lei)；劉光晏(Kuang-Yen Liu)

離岸風機 ； 調諧質量阻尼器 ； 套筒結構 ； 振動台試驗 ； 減震技術 ； 簡化模型 ； offshore wind turbine ； tuned mass damper ； jacket-type structure ； shaking table test ； supporting structure ； seismic vibration reduction ； simplified model

結構工程

35卷4期（2020 / 12 / 01）

76 - 103

繁體中文

風能兼具環保性及永續性，因此台灣近年於台灣海峽上建造風力發電機，實施海上風電場之計畫。但是台灣位處地震帶，為確保海上風力發電機的安全性及可靠性，避免風機結構或內部設備在受波浪、風及地震作用時，因振動量過大產生不穩定甚至損壞的情形發生，因此本文擬以理論與實驗方法探討調諧質量阻尼器（tuned mass damper, TMD）作為離岸風機結構減震元件之可行性。TMD為一種廣泛應用於高聳結構之有效減震技術。與其他減震裝置相比，TMD系統可整合為風機結構的一部份，因此對結構系統的影響較少。本文乃參考美國再生能源研究中心（NREL）所訂定之5-MW套筒式風機結構標準規格，製作1/25比例之套筒式風機縮尺模型及其TMD，以進行振動台測試。同時，為方便理論分析之用，本文乃針對套筒式風機支撐結構建議一簡化之分析模型，並推導其連體運動方程式，期以理論分析與實驗觀察，了解TMD於離岸風機之真實減震效益。本文透過縮尺風機支撐結構模型之振動台試驗，驗證所建議理論分析模型的正確性。同時，藉由比較裝設與未裝設TMD之風機結構振動台試驗結果，探討TMD對於套筒式風機支撐結構各自由度之減震效益。

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. Since Taiwan is located in an earthquake active zone, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of offshore wind turbines under waves, wind and earthquakes, this study aims to investigate the suitability of using a tuned mass damper (TMD) to reduce the vibration of offshore wind turbine supporting structures. The TMD can be integrated as a part of the wind turbine structure, so it has less influence on the supporting structure of a wind turbine. In this study, based on the specifications of a 5-MW jacket-type offshore wind turbine suggested by the National Renewable Energy Research Center (NREL, USA), a 1/25 scaled-down test model and its corresponding TMD were fabricated and tested by a shaking table. Additionally, for numerical simulation, a simplified theoretical model for a jacket-type offshore wind turbine structure is proposed and its equation of motion was derived in this study. The proposed theoretical model was verified both in time domain and frequency domain using the result of the shaking table test. The experimental seismic responses of the offshore wind turbine model before and after the installation of TMD were compared, and the control performance of the TMD system for vibration mitigation of the wind turbine structure was evaluated in this study.

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