小林埋村事件之還原－衛星影像判釋

Reconstruction of the Hsiaolin Village Catastrophe Using Methods of Satellite Image Interpretation

10.6574/JPRS.2011.16(1).4

潘國樑(Kuo-Liang Pan)；林彥享(Yen-Hsiang Lin)；黃春銘(Chuen-Ming Huang)；柯傑夫(Jeff Keck)；鄭錦桐(Chin-Tung Cheng)；冀樹勇(Shu-Yeong Chi)

小林村 ； 土石流 ； 遙測 ； 影像判釋 ； 災害原因 ； 災害重建 ； 深層滑動 ； 古土石流 ； Hsiaolin Village ； Debris Flow ； Remote Sensing ； Image Interpretation ； Cause of Disaster ； Disaster Recovery ； Deep-Seated Landslide ； Ancient Debris Flow

航測及遙測學刊

16卷1期（2011 / 03 / 01）

63 - 78

繁體中文

民國98年8月9日因莫拉克颱風造成高雄小林村遭受土石流掩埋，從衛星影像的判釋結果得知，土石流係從同一個發源地，再分成兩股：北邊的一股為曲溝土石流，規模較小；南邊的一股為小林村土石流，規模約大4倍；而後者才是埋沒小林村的元凶。在發生時序上，小林土石流的運動過程可以分成三個時期：首先發生曲溝土石流；由於它對溝壁趾部的側蝕，引起順向坡滑動，曲溝乃被堵塞，曲溝土石流因而被阻斷；此為第二期。在進入第三期時，土石流改道，並且採直進方式，直沖小林村。如果將小林土石流的地形分區套疊在災前的衛星影像上時，可以發現其與原有地形非常吻合。由此證明，大規模地質災害大多在原地一再重現。因此利用衛星影像快速的檢出古土石流或古深層滑動，並且採取規避或棄離的措施，將可預防小林式埋村悲劇再度重演。

The 2009 Typhoon Morakot caused a massive debris flow that buried Hsiaolin village and resulted in the death of hundreds of people. Satellite image interpretation reveals that the Hsiaolin debris flow originated in a single location and then split into two parts. The northern debris flow, the smaller of the two parts, flowed within a curve ravine. The southern part of the debris flow was four times larger than the northern part and responsible for the burial of Hsiaolin village. The movement of the debris flow can be divided into three processes. First a slope failure and subsequent debris flow occurred within a curve ravine. Second, the debris flow eroded the bank of the ravine laterally, causing translational failure of the ravine walls. A massive debris flow, made up of a combination of materials from both the original debris flow and the ravine walls, jammed within the ravine. Finally, as a result of the jam, the debris flow was redirected straightly towards the Hsiaolin village. Overlaying the zonation of the post Hsiaolin debris flow landforms on top of pre-failure satellite images reveals that characteristics of the post failure landforms match perfectly that observed in the pre-failure satellite images. This finding may support the thought that large scale geologic disasters are reoccurring. Satellite images can assist in identifying ancient debris flows and deep seated failures and if paired with hazard zoning and evacuation planning, disasters such as the Hsiaolin Village incident can be avoided.

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