Information Asymmetry and Its Interaction with Budgetary Participation and Budgetary Emphasis on Budgetary Slack: Additional Evidence

資訊不對稱和預算參與、預算強調對預算寬列之交互作用

10.6656/MR.1998.17.2.CHI.71

倪豐裕(Feng-Yu Ni)；祝道松(Dauw-Song Zhu)

資訊不對稱 ； 預算參與 ； 預算強調 ； 預算寬列 ； 交互作用 ； Information Asymmetry ； Budgetary Participation ； Budgetary Emphasis ； Budgetary slack ； Interaction

管理評論

17卷2期（1998 / 07 / 01）

71 - 96

英文

Dunk(1993)探討預算參與和預算寬列之關係，該研究的結果發現當預算參與、預算強調和資訊不對稱為低（高）時，預算寬列會較高（低），此結果並未能支持其假設之預期。本研究採用調節複迴歸檢測此三項預測變項的交互作用效果以提供另一個實證證據，而分析的樣本為台灣地區製造業的152位部門經理，結果支持預測變項的三維交互作用效果，但亦如Dunk(1993)的結果一般，就總效果而言，當預測變項均為低（高）時，預算寬列寬為高（低）。

This paper provides additional empirical evidence on the relationship between budgetary participation and budgetary slack discussed and analyzed in Dunk's (1993) work. In that study, Dunk failed to provide findings to support his hypothesis Rather, he found that the slack would be higher (lower) when budgetary participation, budgetary emphasis, and information asymmetry are low (high). The paper uses moderated multiple regression to test the three-way interactive effect between budgetary participation, budgetary emphasis, and information asymmetry. The empirical analysis based on a sample of 152 subunit managers of manufacturing companies in Taiwan provides results to support the existence of the three-way interaction between budgetary participation, budgetary emphasis, and information asymmetry affecting budgetary slack and support the findings for low (high) slack in total effect when the predictors are high (low), as the findings in Dunk's (1993) work.

1. Allison, P. D.(1977).Testing for Interaction in Multiple Regression.American Journal of Sociology,83(1)
2. Antle, R.,Eppen, G. D.(1985).Capital Rationing and Organizational Slack in Capital Budgeting.Management Science,31(February)
3. Argyris, C.(1952).The Impact of Budgets on People.Ithaca:School of Business and Public Administration, Cornell University.
4. Baiman, S.(1982).Agency research in managerial accounting: A survey.Journal of Accounting Literature,1
5. Baiman, S.,Evans, J. E.(1983).Pre-decision Information and Participative Management Control Systems.Journal of Accounting Research,21(Autumn)
6. Baiman, S.,Lewis, B.(1989).An Experiment Testing the Behavioral Equivalence of Strategically Equivalent Employment Contracts.Journal of Accounting Research,27(Spring)
7. Belkaoui, A.(1989).Behavioral Accounting.Connecticut:Greenwood.
8. Birnberg, J. G.,Snodgrsss, C.(1988).Culture and Control: A Field Study.Accounting, Organizations and Society,13(5)
9. Bonin, J. P.(1976).On the Design of Managerial Incentive Structures in a Decentralized Planning Environment.American Economic Review,September
10. Brownell, P.(1981).Participation in Budgeting, Locus of Control and Organizational Effectiveness.The Accounting Review,56(4)
11. Brownell, P.(1985).Budgetary Systems and the Control of Functionally Differentiated Organizational Activities.Journal of Accounting Research,23(2)
12. Brownell, P.(1982).The Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation, Budgetary Participation, and Organizational Effectiveness.Journal of Accounting Research,20(1)
13. Brownell, P.,Dunk, A. S.(1991).Task Uncertainty and Its Interaction with Budgetary Participation and Budget Emphasis: Some Methodological Issues and Empirical Investigation.Accounting, Organizations and Society,16(8)
14. Brownell, P.,Hirst, M.(1986).Reliance on Accounting Information, Budgetary Participation, and Task Uncertainty: Tests of a Three-Way Interaction.Journal of Accounting Research,24(2)
15. Cammann, C.(1976).Effects of the Use of Control Systems.Accounting, Organizations and Society,1(4)
16. Caplan, E. H.(1971).Management Accounting and Behavioral Science.Mass:Addison-Wesley.
17. Chia, Y.(1995).The Interaction Effect of Information Asymmetry and Decentralization on Managers' Job Satisfaction: A Research Note.Human Relations,48(6)
18. Chow, C. W.,Cooper, J. C.,Waller, W. S.(1988).Participative Budgeting: Effects of a Truth-Inducing Pay Scheme and Information Asymmetry on Slack and Performance.The Accounting Review,63(1)
19. Chow, C. W.,Kato, Y.,Shields, M. D.(1994).National Culture and the Reference for Management Controls: An Exploratory Study of the Firm-Labor Market Interface.Accounting, Organizations and Society,19(4/ 5)
20. Chow, C.,Shields, M. D.,Chan, Y. K.(1991).The effects of management controls and national culture on manufacturing performance: An experimental investigation.Accounting, Organizations and Society,16(3)
21. Christensen, J.(1982).The Determination of performance standards and participation.Journal of Accounting Research,20(Autumn)
22. Coughlan, A. T.,Schmidt, R. M.(1985).Executive Compensation, Management Turnover, and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation.Journal of Accounting ＆ Economics,7
23. Darley, L.,Jiambalvo, J.,Sundem, G.,Kondo, Y.(1985).Attitudes toward Financial Control Systems in the United States and Japan.Journal of International Business Studies
24. Dunk, A. S.(1989).Budget Emphasis, Participation and Managerial Performance: A Note.Accounting, Organizations and Society,14(4)
25. Dunk, A. S.(1993).The Effect of Budget Emphasis and Information Asymmetry on the Relation Between Budgetary Participation and Slack.The Accounting Review,68(2)
26. Dunk, A. S.(1992).Reliance of Budgetary Control, Manufacturing Process Automation and Production Subunit Performance: A Research Note.Accounting, Organizations and Society,17(3/ 4)
27. Dunk, A. S.(1990).Budgetary Participation, Agreement on Evaluation Criteria and Managerial Performance: A Research Note.Accounting, Organizations and Society,15(3)
28. Govindarajan, V.(1986).Impact of Participation in the Budgetary Process on Managerial Attitudes and Performance Universalistic and Contingency Perspectives.Decision Sciences,17(4)
29. Gudykunst, W.,Ting-Toomey, S.(1988).Culture and Interpersonal Communication.C. A.:Sage Publishing.
30. Harrison, G. L.(1992).The Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Relation between Participation, Budget Emphasis and Job Related Attitudes.Accounting, Organizations and Society,17(1)
31. Harrison, G. L.(1993).Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures in Superior Evaluative Style - The Influence of National Culture and Personality.Accounting, Organizations and Society,18(4)
32. Hofstede, G. H.(1984).The Game of Budget Control.N. Y.:Garland.
33. Hofstede, G. H.(1980).Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values.London and Beverly Hill:Sage.
34. Hofstede, G. H.(1983).The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories.Journal of International Business Studies,14(2)
35. Hopwood, A. G.(1972).An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation.Journal of Accounting Research,10
36. Hopwood, A. G.(1976).Accounting and Human Behaviour.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:Prentice Hall.
37. Horovitz, J.(1980).Top Management Control in Europe.New York:St. Martin's press.
38. Imoisili, O. A.(1989).The Role of Budget Data in the Evaluation of Managerial Performance.Accounting, Organizations and Society,14(4)
39. Jaeger, A.(1983).The Transfer of Organizational Culture Overseas: An Approach to Control in the Multinational Corporation.Journal of International Business Studies,Fall
40. Kamin, J. Y.,Ronen, J.(1981).Effects of Budgetary Control Design on Management Decisions: Some Empirical Evidence.Decision Sciences,12
41. Kazandjis, C.(1980).Management Accounting in a Service Organization: A Socio-Technical Approach in a European Telecommunications Industry.
42. Kenis, I.(1979).Effects of Budgetary Goal Characteristics on Managerial Attitudes and Performance.The Accounting Review,54(4)
43. Kerlinger, F. N.,Pedhazur, E. J.(1973).Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research.NY, USA:Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
44. Kreacic, V.,March, P.(1986).Organization Development and National Culture in Four Countries.Public Enterprise
45. Kreder, M.,Zeller, M.(1988).Control in German and U. S. Companies.Management International Review
46. Kren, L.,Liao, W. M.(1988).The Role of Accounting Information in the Control of Organizations: A Review of the Evidence.Journal of Accounting Literature,7
47. Lau, C. M.,Low, L. C.,Eggleton, L. R. C.(1995).The Impact of Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures on Job-Related Tension and Managerial Performance: Additional Evidence.Accounting, Organizations and Society,20(5)
48. Lawler, E.,Rhode, J. G.(1976).Information and Control in Organizations.New York:Goodyear.
49. Lenk, M. M.(1991).Private Information and a Manager's Motivation: An Expectancy Theory Test of Agency Theory's Effort-Aversion Assumption in a Participative Budgeting Setting.MI:University of South Carolina/ U. M. I..
50. Lindasy, R. M.,Ehrenberg, S. C.(1993).The Design of Replicated Studies.The American Statistician,August
51. Lowe, E. A.,Shaw, R. W.(1968).An Analysis of Managerial Biasing: Evidence form a Company's Budgeting Process.The Journal of Management Studies,October
52. Lukka, K.(1988).Budgetary Biasing in Organizations: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Evidence.Accounting, Organizations and Society,13(3)
53. Magee, R. P.(1980).Equilibrium in Budget Participation.Journal of Accounting Research,18(Autumn)
54. Merchant, K. A.(1985).Control in Business Organizations.Marshfield, M. A.:Pitman.
55. Merchant, K. A.(1985).Budgeting and the Propensity to Create Budgetary Slack.Accounting, Organizations and Society,10(2)
56. Merchant, K. A.,Chow, C. W.,Wu, A.(1995).Measurement, Evaluation and Reward of Profit Center Managers: A Cross-Cultural Field Study.Accounting, Organizations and Society,20(7/ 8)
57. Mintzberg, H.(1979).The Structuring of Organizations: A Synthesis of the Research.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
58. Nouri, H.(1994).Using Organizational Commitment and Job Involvement to Predict Budgetary Slack: A Research Note.Accounting, Organizations and Society,19(3)
59. O''Connor, N. G.(1995).The Influence of Organizational Culture on the Usefulness of Budget Participation by Singapore-Chinese Managers.Accounting, Organizations and Society,20(5)
60. Onsi, M.(1973).Factor Analysis of Behavioral Variables Affecting Budgetary Slack.The Accounting Review,48(3)
61. Ostman, L.(1977).Accounting Measure for Management Control.Stockholm:EFI.
62. Otley, D. T.(1982).Budgets and Motivation.Journal of General Management,Autumn
63. Otley, D. T.(1985).The Accuracy of Budgetary Estimates: Some Statistical Evidence.Journal of Business Finance ＆ Accounting,12(3)
64. Otley, D. T.(1978).Budget Use and Managerial Performance.Journal of Accounting Research,16(1)
65. Otley, D. T.,Hannakis, L.,Lindsay, R. M.(1994).Influence in Budgeting, Locus of Control and Organizational Effectiveness: Cultural Differences.Accounting and Business Review,January
66. Penno, M.(1984).Asymmetry of Pre-Decision Information and Managerial Accounting.Journal of Accounting Research,22(1)
67. Pope, P. F.(1984).Information Asymmetries in Participative Budgeting: A Bargaining Approach.Journal of Business Finance ＆ Accounting,11(1)
68. Pratt, J.,Beaulieu, P.(1992).Organizational Culture in Public Accounting: Size, Technology, Rank, and Functional Area.Accounting, Organizations and Society
69. Pratt, J.,Mohrweis, L. C.,Beaulieu, P.(1983).The Interaction between National and Organizational Culture in Accounting Firms: An Extension.Accounting, Organizations and Society
70. Ronen, S.,Shenkar, O.(1985).Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimension: A Review and Synthesis.Academy of Management Review,July
71. Rosenthal, R.,Rosnow, R. L.(1991).Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis.N. Y.:McGraw-Hill.
72. Schiff, M.,Lewin, A. Y.(1968).Where Traditional Budgeting Fails.Financial Executive,May
73. Schiff, M.,Lewin, A. Y.(1970).The Impact of People on Budgets.The Accounting Review,45(2)
74. Schoonhoven, C. B.(1981).Problems with Contingency Theory: Testing Assumptions Hidden within the Language of Contingency 'Theory'.Administrative Science Quarterly,26
75. Soeters, J.,Schrreuder, H.(1988).The Interaction between National and Organizational Culture in Accounting Firms.Accounting, Organizations and Society
76. Southwood, K. E.(1978).Substantive Theory and Statistical Interactions: Five Models.American Journal of Sociology,83(5)
77. Swieringa, R. J.,Moncur, R. H.(1974).Some Effects of Participative Budgeting on Managerial Behavior.New York:National Association of Accountants.
78. Triandis, H.(1984).Toward a Psychological Theory of Economic Growth.International Journal of Psychology
79. Waller, W. S.(1988).Slack in Participative Budgeting: The Joint Effect of a Truth-Inducing Pay Scheme and Risk Preferences.Accounting, Organizations and Society,13(1)
80. Williamson, O. E.(1964).The Economics of Discretionary Behavior: Managerial Objectives in a Theory of the Firm.N. J.:Prentice-Hall.
81. Young, S. M.(1985).Participative Budgeting: The Effects of Risk Aversion and Asymmetric Information on Budgetary Slack.Journal of Accounting Research,23(Autumn)

1. Lin, Hsiao-Lun,Huang, Chao-Hsin,Duh, Rong-Ruey(2014).Management Accounting Research in Taiwan: A Review and Assessment.會計評論,58,39-99.
2. 陳慧玲、周齊武、杜榮瑞(2005)。環境不確定性、預算制度特徵與公司績效。管理學報，22(4)，549-567。
3. 邱炳乾(2022)。續擴窘境下的團隊資本預算決策－預算強調與資訊不對稱對團隊極端化的影響。商管科技季刊，23(3)，321-355。
4. (2012)。預算參與對於預算反功能行為影響之探討：資訊不對稱及組織承諾的角色。樹德科技大學學報，14(1)，29-44。