運用資料包絡分析法評量工業技術研究院各研發組織之研發績效

Application of the DEA Approach to Evaluate Management Performance of R&D Organ Organizations in the Industrial Technology Research Institute of Taiwan

10.6656/MR.2003.22.2.CHI.25

徐基生(Chi-Sheng Hsu)；李宗耀(Zon-Yau Lee)；史欽泰(Chin-Tay Shih)；洪志洋(Chih-Young Hung)；虞孝成(Hsiao-Cheng Yu)；曾國雄(Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng)

資料包絡分析法 ； 研發組織 ； 績效評量 ； 研發績效 ； 工業技術研究院工研院 ； Data Envelopment Analysis DEA ； R&D Organization ； R&D Performance ； Management Performance ； Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI

管理評論

22卷2期（2003 / 04 / 01）

25 - 53

繁體中文

研發組織績效評量過去多採用主觀評量，未建立多投入與多績效（產出）的總體衡量模型，因此未能針對不同部門提出應如何提升績效之改善建議。Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)能解決上述問題，因此本研究運用構建國內工業技術研究院（簡稱工研院）各研發單位多投入及多產出效果的評量模式。本研究採用工研院1999年及2000年之投入產出資料進行分析，分別求解CCR效率、A&P效率、交叉效率，及多目標效率。此外，亦將CCR效率進一步區分為純粹技術效率（BCC效率）與規模效率。除了效率值比較和相關管理意涵的討論外，還進行規模報酬分析，最後則進行工研院各研究單位此兩年度之經營效率分析與比較，研究結果顯示工研院各研究單位應擴大研發規模，以發揮研發綜效。經與工研院高階管理團隊認為交叉分析模式結合多目標模式產生之結果可信度高且較以往績效評量客觀公正，故此評量模式亦應適用於一般研發組織之研發績效評量。

Most of the performance assessment of R&D organizations or institutions is based on their self-appraisal or subjective judgments. An overall scheme to measure the performance of R&D organizations involving multi-input and multi-effects (output) has not been established. The information regarding the improvement of such performance is also lacking. The method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) may meet the above needs. This study use DEA method to build a model to evaluate the performance of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) in Taiwan, using the input and output data for years 1999 and 2000. We will solve for the CCR, A&P, Cross and Multi-Purpose Efficiencies. Both CCR and A&P models are of the self-appraisal type, the Cross model is of the peer-evaluation type, while the Multi-Objective is of the overall-evaluation type. Furthermore, the CCR efficiency is divided into purely technical (BCC) and scale efficiencies. In addition to a comparison of efficiencies and associated discussions, an analysis of the scale-return is offered. Finally, the performance of various organizations of ITRI in these two years is analyzed. The result is brought up in interviews with top executives of ITRI. They concluded that the result based on Cross and Multi-purpose models is more credible and realistic. The performance evaluation method devised accordingly is suitable for adoption.

1. Andersen, P.,Petersen, N. C.(1993).A Procedure for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis.Management Science,39(10)
2. Banker, R. D.,Charnes, A.,Cooper, W. W.(1984).Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis.Management Science,30(9)
3. Berg, S. A.,Forsund, F. R.,Jansen, E. S.(1991).Technical Efficiency of Norwegian Banks: The Non-Parametric Approach to Efficiency Measurement.Journal of Productivity Analysis,2
4. Brown, M. G.,Svenson, R. A.(1998).Measuring R＆D Productivity.Research Technology Management,41(6)
5. Charnes, A.,Clark, C. T.,Cooper, W. W.,Golany, B.(1985).A Developmental Study of Data Envelopment Analysis in Measuring the Efficiency of Maintenance Units in the U. S. Air Forces.Annals of Operation Research,2(1)
6. Charnes, A.,Cooper, W. W.(1984).The Non-Archimedean CCR Ratio for Efficiency Analysis: A Rejoinder Boyd and Fare.European Journal of Operational Research,15
7. Charnes, A.,Cooper, W. W.,Rhodes, E.(1978).Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units.European Journal of Operational Research,2(6)
8. Cook, W. D.,Johnston, D. A.,McCutcheon, D.(1992).Implementations of Robotic: Identifying Efficient Implementers.OMEGA,20(2)
9. Doyle, J.(1992).MCC: Multiple Correlation Clustering.International Journal of Man-Machine Studies,37
10. Doyle, J.,Green, R.(1994).Efficiency and Cross-Efficiency in DEA: Derivations, Meanings and Uses.Journal of the Operational Research Society,45(5)
11. Everitt, B.(1980).Cluster Analysis.London:Halsted Press (Wiley).
12. Fare, R.,Grosskopf, S.,Logan, J.(1985).The Relative Performance of Publicly-Owned and Privately-Owned Electric Utilities.Journal of Public Economics,26
13. Farrell, M. J.(1957).The Measurement of Productive Efficiency.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General),120(3)
14. Golany, B.,Roll, Y.(1989).An Application Procedure for DEA.OMEGA: International Journal of Management Science,17(3)
15. Golany, B.,Roll, Y.,Rybak, D.(1994).Measuring Efficiency of Power Plants in Israel by Data Envelopment Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,41(3)
16. Grosskopf, S.,Valdmanis, V.(1987).Measuring Hospital Performance: A Non-Parametric Approach.Journal of Health Economics,6(2)
17. Lee, E. S.,Li, R. J.(1993).Fuzzy Multiple Objective Programming and Compromise Programming with Pareto Optimum.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,53(3)
18. Ohta, H.,Yamaguchi, T.(1995).Multi-goal Programming Including Fractional Goal in Consideration of Fuzzy Solutions.Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and System,7(6)
19. Poh, Kim-Leng,Ang, B. W.,Bai, F.(2001).A Comparative Analysis of R＆D Project Evaluation.R＆D Management,31(1)
20. Register, C. A.(1988).Technical Efficiency within the U.S. Postal Service and the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970.Applied Economics,20
21. Sakawa, M.,Yano, H.(1985).Interactive Decision Making for Multi-objective Linear Fractional Programming Problems with Parameters.Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal,16
22. Sakawa, M.,Yumine, T.(1983).Interactive Fuzzy Decision-making for Multi-objective Linear Fractional Programming Problems.Large Scale Systems,5
23. Smith, P.,Mayston, D.(1987).Measuring Efficiency in the Public Sector.OMEGA,15(3)
24. Zimmermann, H. J.(1978).Fuzzy Programming and Linear Programming with Several Objective Functions.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1(1)
25. 史欽泰 Shih, ChinTay(1998)。工業技術研究院研究發展管理體系。研考雙月刊，22(6)
26. 江勁毅 Chiang, Chin-I、曾國雄 Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung(2000)。新的DEA效率衡量方式：以模糊多目標規劃建立之效率達成度 A New Efficiency Measure for DEA: Efficiency Achievement Measure Established on Fuzzy Multiple Objectives Programming。管理學報 Journal of Management，17(2)
27. 徐基生 Hsu, Chi-Sheng、李宗耀 Lee, Zon-Yau、史欽泰 Shih, ChinTay、虞孝成 Yu, Hsiao-Cheng、洪志洋 Hung, Chih-Young、曾國雄 Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung(2002)。2002中華決策學會論文集。
28. 陳澤義 Chen, Tser-Yieth,葉彩蓮 Yeh, Tsai-Lien(1998).A Study of Efficiency Evaluation in Taiwan's Banks.International Journal of Service Industry Management,9(5)

1. Lin, Chao-Ling,Chen, Yahn-Shir(2009).Human Capital and Operating Performance.交大管理學報,29(2),83-130.
2. 蔡正暉、張石柱(2009)。經濟部科技研究發展專案計畫執行效率之探討－資料包絡分析及分析層級程序法之應用。會計學報，2(1)，51-72。
3. 曾國雄、孫嘉祈、林亭汝(2008)。以生產力指數探討全球前四大筆記型電腦代工廠商之經營績效趨勢。臺灣企業績效學刊，1(2)，147-173。
4. 廖俊欽(2007)。中華臺北參加2002年釜山亞運會績效評估之研究。體育學報，40(2)，63-78。
5. 林育司、吳學良(2005)。經濟部科技專案執行效率之評估：資料包絡分析之實證。科技管理學刊，10(1)，101-134。
6. 盧孟欣、張世其、林哲鵬(2007)。台灣TFT-LCD產業經營效率動態分析之研究。臺灣企業績效學刊，1(1)，27-52。
7. 盧文民、高博瑜、何東興(2012)。智慧資本與軍民通用科技發展專案績效關聯性之研究。長庚人文社會學報，5(1)，159-195。
8. 盧文民、王東寶(2011)。科技專案研發效率與技術擴散能力之研究。績效與策略研究，8(1)，1-22。
9. 盧文民、吳秀華、王宗誠(2012)。國家研發組織績效及其影響因素之研究。管理與系統，19(3)，561-587。
10. 蘇純繒、羅梅鈴、惠龍、丁秋瑤(2006)。評估四技二專考科類組命題品質。品質學報，13(2)，145-158。
11. 楊雯如、柯慈儀、邱永和、林藹新(2008)。電子業赴大陸投資之績效評估。真理財經學報，19，1-29。
12. 楊志平Young、彭克仲、陳俍芬、李朝明(2007)。台灣地區農業合作社場相對效率之研究。農業經營管理，13，25-58。
13. 詹凌菁、彭火樹、郭翠菱、吳安妮(2016)。臺灣會計領域研究之回顧與展望。管理學報，33(1)，139-187。
14. (2008)。台灣地區農業合作社場相對經營績效之研究。合作經濟，96，1-25。
15. (2021)。研發費用率對太陽能上市、櫃公司經營績效影響的時間遞延效果。臺灣銀行季刊，72(1)，102-130。