演化論適合陳述自由主義嗎?－對哈耶克式論證的反思

Can Liberalism Be Formulated in Evolutionist Terms?-Critical Reflections on F. A. Hayek's Approach to Justifying Liberalism

10.29816/TARQSS.200206.0005

錢永祥(Sechin Y. ­­-­­­­­­S. Chien)

演化論 ； 自由主義 ； 哈耶克 ； Evolutionism ； Liberalism ； F. A. Hayek

台灣社會研究季刊

46期（2002 / 06 / 01）

173 - 191

繁體中文

本文根據自由主義的規範性格和基本關懷所在，對於演化論－以哈耶克的「自發秩序」觀為代表－是否適合作為論證架構，來陳述自由主義，提出質疑。演化論認定，演化結果在評價上必定屬於在某種意義下可欲的事態，自由主義卻會要求根據獨立的道德個人主義作為評價標準，衡量甚至更動演化的結果。因此，兩者雖然有相親之處，本文認為用演化論陳述自由主義並不合適。

This paper argues that evolutionist social theory, F. A. Hayek's idea of spontaneous order being the most sophisticated representative, is not adequate to serve as the conceptual framework for articulating liberalism. It is pointed out that for evolutionist thinking the outcomes of the evolutionary process must always be counted as desirable, hence justified, in some evaluative sense, whereas liberalism wants to evaluate, and when necessary tinker with, such outcomes in accordance with some version of moral individualism as an independent standard. Hence a fundamental difference between the two, in spite of the many affinities found in other respects.

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