性工作與現代性：現代自我的社會條件

Sex Work and Modernity (Prelude): Modern Self and Its Conditions

10.29816/TARQSS.200403.0004

甯應斌(Yin-Bin Ning)

性工作 ； 現代性 ； 自我 ； 匿名 ； 隱私 ； 自我呈現 ； 陌人氣 ； 黑格爾 ； 高夫曼 ； 紀登思 ； 森內特 ； Sex Work ； Modernity ； Self ； Anonymity ； Privacy ； Self-Presentation ； Impersonal ； Hegel ； Goffman ； Giddens ； Sennett

台灣社會研究季刊

53期（2004 / 03 / 01）

85 - 143

繁體中文

性工作為何會（或不會）造成出賣自我與異化？這個問題其實可以回歸到「現代雇傭勞動或服務工作為何會（或不會）造成出賣自我與異化？」，這個更一般性的提問（這是黑格爾等人在雇傭勞動開始普遍化時期所關注的問題）。現代各類型的工作（特別是在發端期與非完熟期）也是充滿了工作者的自我被佔有、隱私被侵害、公私界限難以維持的異化風險。本文認為必須從社會互動而非抽象哲學的角度來理解這個「異化」或「自我的讓渡出賣」究竟是如何進行的，事實上，服務工作者或顧客的自我隱私被對方佔有，乃是透過實際的人際互動技巧來達成的，Goffman的學說在此提供了關鍵性的說明（細節將在本文的續篇〈再論性工作與現代性〉處理）；因此本文的A部份提出了「性工作者如何在陌生人面前呈現自我？」這個Goffman式的問題意識。但是這樣的一種現代人際與自我現象還需要更廣泛的脈絡解譯，亦即，服務工作者與顧客雙方為何能夠在互動中維護私密自我與隱私、為何能夠動態地操作公私界限，乃是關乎現代社會的一些宏觀趨勢或結構性條件如何形成了現代自我。本文B部份則列舉了五類造就這種現我自我的現代條件或趨勢動力，由此一般地說明了現代性工作中自我問題的脈絡。就此而言，現代性工作之所以能夠不會造成自我讓渡，並非個別性工作個人的獨特性質，而是深刻地根植於（晚期）現代的社會條件與趨勢動力中。

Why or why not is selling one's sex alienating one's self? This question can be traced back to a more general question which Hegel and others were concerned when paid labor became prevalent, that is, Why or why not is selling one's labor power or service alienating one's self? Like sex work, various types of modern work, especially in their emerging stage or in their informal sector, are also full of risks of alienating one's self in the form of self being appropriated, privacy encroached, or boundary of intimacy violated. To understand exactly how the alienation of self in question proceeds, the approach of social interactions instead of philosophy is required. As my essay demonstrates, it is through the techniques of self-presentation during the actual human interactions that the private self of the service worker is appropriated by the customer, or vice versa. Hence, for this phenomenon of alienation of self, Goffman's writings provide the most relevant interpretive analysis, which will be detailed in a subsequent essay. The present essay in its first half nevertheless develops the issue of alienation of self into a Goffmanian problematic: How does sex worker present herself in Work? However, this Goffmanian approach to the question of alienation of sex worker's self still needs to be located in a wider context concerning the dynamics and structural conditions of the modern self and its formation. Thus, the second half of the essay situates the interactions and the boundary maintenance of modern selves in five kinds of modern conditions that also constitute the core elements of (late) modernity. The implication of this discussion is to show that sex worker's success in not alienating herself during the interaction is not due to personal idiosyncrasy, but deeply rooted in the conditions of modernity.

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